Terrorism in the World - 599 Words

On February 26, 1993, Islamic extremists bombed the World Trade Center killing six people and injuring over 1,000 people. The terrorists set off the bomb in the tower’s underground public parking. The suspected mastermind of the bombing was Ramzi Yousef. The suspected intent of the â€Å"1,500-pound urea-nitrate bomb† was to generate hydrogen cyanide gas that would kill everyone within the tower. â€Å"The terrorists apparently selected the World Trade Center as a target not because it was a symbol of Western values or the financial power of the United States, but simply because toppling the twin towers would enable them to inflict a large number of casualties (Tucker, pg200).† The motive bombing the World Trade Center was to ignite terror among the population and kill as many people as possible. Ramzi Yousef was motivated by hatred for the United States and to weaken US aid and support for Israel. This attack had operational, theological and psychological motives behind it. On June 27, 1994 a terrorist attack happened on the quiet Japanese neighborhood of Matsumoto when the chemical nerve agent sarin was released. The suspected method of distribution disbursement of the sarin was from a van equipped with a heating pot and fan. This sarin terrorist attack killed seven people and injured over 200 people. The motive for the Matsumoto sarin attack was for a trial run for the future deadly sarin attack on Tokyo subways which aimed to kill as many people as possible. InShow MoreRelatedThe World On The Terrorism971 Words   |  4 PagesWhen looking at the terrorism that ISIS has endued it has become very evident that a solution needs to be drawn into action. In my opinion the only way to take down this organization is to begin to treat it like the state that it is. A state is defined as: â€Å"a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.† ISIS has not only gained territory in Syria, Iraq and Istanbul b ut according to New York Times columnist, Tim Arango, â€Å"ISIS is building a capacity to governRead MoreThe World Capital Of Terrorism1092 Words   |  5 PagesCRW-3 28.11.16 Terrorism in Iraq Did you know that in 2014 ISIS controlled more than 34,000 square miles in the middle east? ISIS is a terrorist group that is in Iraq. Iraq is the number one country with the most terrorist groups. ISIS is the number one terrorist group in the Iraq. Malala Yousafzai was shot by a terrorist group from Iraq. 4,000 ISIS members are in Iraq alone. Terrorism in Iraq is a big problem. ISIS is the number one terrorist group in all of Iraq. The Global Terrorism Index has aRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effect On The World1432 Words   |  6 Pages It was in 1947 when the whole world was sleeping, India was rising to see the sun of its freedom but what is the cost of freedom, which India is still paying by lives of civilians in the name of religious terrorism. Terrorism has given birth to two countries which are now known as Pakistan and Bangladesh and the series continues. Religious and state terrorism has never allowed peace and harmony, but the flame is spreading as a massive bush fire across the states and there are ideologies/ eliteRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World1540 Words   |  7 Pagesover the world are destroying communities and families by recruiting their young children and killing innocent people. Terrorism is sweeping the world and it’s growing steadily. With a constant inflow of young soldiers, terrorist groups are stronger than before. They have surely mastered the art of recruiting the weak and vulnerable and using their weaknesses to carry out dangerous and deadly missions. There are hundreds of extremist groups carrying out terrorist acts all over the world. ThroughoutRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World2549 Words   |  11 PagesTerrorism, as defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal†. Terrorism has always been a serious threat to the nation, but has recently come to the forefront of international affairs. After the attacks on the Twin Towers on September 11th, 2001, militant groups have started to assert their dominance in the world more and more. From countless fatal bombings to the 2015 Paris Attacks, groups suchRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World981 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism consists of different range of illegal violent activities which is aimed at intimidating and creating fear in people. I would define terrorism as the use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.† Within this definition, there are three key elements—violence, fear, and intimidation—and each element produce terror in itsRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World And Society1385 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent definitions of terrorism. Terrorism is mostly associated with murder and killings by a certain religious group. It would mostly target a certain group of people or politics. Terrorism started with radical ideas of a certain party and it would slowly grow into an organization. America is not the only country who had experienced terrorism. There is Northern Ireland, Africa, China, and other countries as well. There has been one central main point about terrorism, that it would kill many civiliansRead MoreTerrorism Has Plagued The World2529 Words   |  11 PagesWhile terrorism has plagued the world through many forms since the age of time, it wasn’t until the hijacking of 1972 that caused airports both domestically and internationally to establish airport security. From one of the first major terrorist attacks on an aircraft in 1955 to the multiple attacks throughout the 1960s and 70s, for the first time airports were introduced to armed securi ty guards, metal detectors, and explosive detection canines. Over the next two and half decades, airports alsoRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World War II1345 Words   |  6 PagesThese events seemed tragic at the time, but they were the chain of circumstances that turned World War Two around and led to the defeat of the Axis Powers. Although the Soviet Union was on the brink of defeat, the overextended Germans could not sustain the level of fighting and were driven west. At the same time, the U.S. determined the only way to victory was via a swift, harsh military response. This came in the form of the attack on Normandy, bombings of German infrastructure, operations inRead MoreTerrorism And The World s Leading Issues1577 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism is an unofficial and unauthorized use of extreme violence, force and intimidation in the pursuit of political and religious gain. Throughout the 20th century, terrorism is among the world’s leading issues. The re ason for its existence can be found from the roots of imperialism and its injustice. Today its momentum and actions have many violent, devastating and deadly effects throughout the world. The terrorists that drive this fear are perverse Islamic fundamentalists. Muslim fundamentalists

Active learning exercise (Markeing Ethics) Example

Essays on Active learning exercise (Markeing Ethics) Article Task ACTIVE LEARNING EXERCISE (MARKETING ETHICS) Introduction Moral philosophy guiding the decision-making at Ford and at Bridgestone/ Firestone The moral philosophy that guided the decision-making at the ford company was the utilitarianism perspective. This is because, Ford considered the long-term effects of their actions and decision-makings and compromised on the real safety issues that were at hand. For instance, many cars manufactured during the troubled periods when accidents occurred frequently, the top administration of the company knew the risks that were undertaken but still chose to ignore. At Bridgestone/ Firestone, the perspective taken was similar to that of Ford because they also compromised a lot on the methods of damage control of their supposed mistakes (Berkowitz, Pp.109). By deciding to close a manufacturing plant in Decatur, Illinois, they were exhibiting their ability to throw blame to show that it was not entirely their fault, that things went wrong Change of decision-making model as lawsuits mounted Sometime in 1995, an insurance company, State Farm Insurance, notified Ford that there was an increase in claims related to firestone using vehicles. Due to this, ford took it upon them self to gradually desist from using firestone tires. This was a good decision on their part, however, it came a little bit too late because some consumers had already suffered accidents owing to the tires. Bridgestone on the other hand, decided to distance them self from the whole debacle by claiming that it is the car manufacturer who was at fault and not their tires. They went further ahead to advise car owners to check frequently the tire pressure of their vehicles to maintain good performance and safety. Ford’s handling of the situation surrounding the development, marketing and subsequent recall was unethical but legal The way in which ford handled the situation was unethical but legal. Unethical because the executives put the company’s interest first and totally disregarded the safety of the consumer. They had conducted many tests on the safety of the vehicles but still ignored the underlying consequences of the minor details they had ignored (Berkowitz, Pp.110). Because of this, some of their customers died from accidents that were avoidable, had the correct measurements taken. Before mass production of the vehicles, they should have ensured maximum safety precautions are in place. In 2001, ford attempted to please their potential and current consumers by announcing a pact between them and Top Driver, Inc., a large driving school company in the USA. This partnership saw the introduction of a driver course aimed at training SUV owners on safe driving. The public received this move with hostility because it implied that accidents occurred due to irresponsible driving on the driver’s part. In the advert they ran in the media, there was a false sense of security created as the SUVs in the video, were weaving in and out of traffic to show invincibility. This was hypocritical because they claimed to offer driving courses on safety while showing that driving irresponsibly was safe. It was legal because they did not seem to break any laws during their manufacturing endeavors. For all the claims that they had to pay out, they did because they did admit that there were some faults with their automobiles. Recommendations Ford should do a whole overhaul of their decision-making methods because clearly they have no remorse for anything that happens beyond making profits for the company. This is what makes them unethical. It is important for them also to define the objectives of the company as far as customer satisfaction is concerned (Berkowitz, Pp. 108). They should consider how to handle the needs of customer first, even those that are unknown to him or her. Big companies such as Ford are trusted by consumers worldwide and should therefore have a moral obligation to protect the interest of the consumer. In light of the issues faced earlier, the lawsuits, the insurance claims and bad media campaigns, they should redirect their energy to all the safety issues raised by their engineers, safety guidelines and consumer reports. This will save them money on recalls and unnecessary lawsuits. In addition to that, ethically, it will save lives and allow them moral authority over their consumers. Works cited Berkowitz, Eric. Marketing. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. 2000. Pp. 108-111.

Pop Music Magazine Comparison Free Essays

The magazines that are being compared are two different styles of magazines. One is a pop band magazine and the other is rock. The people in these magazines stereotype the word â€Å"HAMMER† it shows the long hair and shouting into the microphone. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music Magazine Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other magazine stereotypes nice clothes and nice hair. The people who read this magazine are emulators they look up to these people and will go at and wear what they wear. They act how they act. The aim of the magazine is to persuade the readers to go out and buy their CDs. The large hammer font connotes heavy metal and banging. They use hooks to try and get the buyers attention like ‘free CD’ or ‘free posters’. The use of language is completely different, one says ‘SCREW THE CRITICS’ and the other is ‘BLUE ARE BACK’ This shows one that is abusive and the other is more formal. There is a close up on blue then there is a long shot of Gareth Gates. The Brat Awards. The institution is â€Å"The Brat Awards†. Presenters where Rob Carpenter and Ashley Curtis, Rob Carpenter represented himself as a typical presenter. He was slick and cool he kept the show moving he was very confident. The audience where famous people they were drunk. Rage against the vending machine too cool to come up and collect their award. The genre was rock. If I was too improve the award ceremony I would have a different location. Pop Band Comparison. The ‘Big Brovas’ are attracting a teenage audience. They connote ‘gangsters’, ‘ghettos’ and ‘rude boys’. They are doing this to attract a certain type audience e.g. ‘townies’. The institution of ‘Big Brovas’ is Top Of The Pops. They represent themselves as rude boys when they are probably not at all like in real life. Compared to the ‘Darkness’ they are a lot in my opinion because the ‘Darkness’ uses high-pitched voices. The tight trousers they wear connote this. ‘Big Brovas’ convent swaying and bopping up and down. The ‘Darkness’ convent jumping up and down and a lot of movement. The ‘Darkness† institution is Top Of The Pops. Their audience would be older than teenagers. They represent themselves as scruffy people e.g. ripped vests long hair and tight trousers. Pop Music The name of the act is ‘Girls Aloud’. They are a group of young women who came from the institution of pop stars. The name of the song is life got cold. They use white clothes and white make-up to connotes the word cold. They are a pop band whose audience is mainly young girls. They represent themselves as very nicely dressed attractive women. The name of the act is ‘Good Charlotte’. The song name is ‘The Anthem’. The audience is gothic people, he attracts an audience with a rebellious look. The institution is Top Of The Pops. The genre is punk and rock. The act is ‘Lemar’. The song is ‘dance’. Lemar is a male pop singer. His image is clean cut and nicely dressed. The audience varies. The institution is pop stars. Radio Advert. Client’s Name: Woolworth Writer: Steven Briesner Duration: Unknown Music Bed: Whistling from Ed, Edd n Eddy SFX: Door Slamming SFX: Footsteps Male Voice: Perfect boys you’ve just recorded your first number one. Now lets show the people out there this brilliant song. Music: Loud Whistling MVO: That’s Brilliant. MVO2: Your Right and it’s available now at Woolworth’s. MVO3: At the great price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.49 MVO4: Woolworth’s we’re worth it. Popular Music This magazine aims to entertain people as David Bowie is a singer from the older generation older people who look at this may laugh from fond memories of their youth the magazine does this well with the main feature of David Bowie. The genre of this magazine is heavy metal/rock this was the fashion when David Bowie was a popular singer. This magazine would be for people with special interests in this sort of music. The font and style of writing tells the audience what sort of genre this is has a black background and a man with white make-up on which signals a genre of the gothic nature. It hooks are things that are on in today’s magazine like ‘Brand new collectors record section’ I don’t think they use hooks very well in this magazine because it isn’t really anything good in the offer. the only main colours used is black and white, the white make-up connotes the gothic genre. The main feature is a close-up (c.u) of David Bowie. He is stereotyping the typical grunger who is always in a depressive state. The ideology of the magazine is they believe in sucide and stuff many famous gothic stars have been known to go into a depressive state and commit suicide. How to cite Pop Music Magazine Comparison, Papers

Relational Contract Theory assignment

Introduction The term contract itself sounds to be formal, and indeed it is construed to be a formal or legal binding agreement. In todays world we have witnessed the contracts and its evolving factors which are adding new aspects to the conventional understanding of the term contract. There are different approaches to the concept of contract such as a private commercial engagements or a memorandum of understanding for achieving certain pre-determined objectives or a record of expressing the conduct with a specific intent or a relational contract.A normal , prevailing definition is adopted: Relationship contracting is depends on recognition of as well as striving fin in the area of mutual benefits and win-win situation via more cooperative relationships among the parties. Relationship contracting emphasis and underpins number of approaches, like partnering, alliancing, joint venturing, and other collaborative working arrangements and much better risk sharing mechanisms Relationship contracts are generally long-term, develop and changes over period of time, and contain substantial relations among the parties. Hence, the researcher would evaluate and express the approach of Macaulays and Macneils research in the context of relational contract theory and its implications of court in the case of Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited by refusing implied terms in a contract. Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited, [1995] HCA 24. Insight Relational Contract Theory Though the contract is a formal undertaking, it has a flavor of relationship based on trust. Irrespective of whether contract being executed between Doctor-Patient, Lawyer-Client, Principal-Agent, etc. there is always an essence of trust involved in a contract. This trust makes one party to depend on the other, which might be for a longer or shorter period. Thus, the scholars had developed and are of the opinion that every contract plays an important role socially as well economically role, in the general context of social relations. There are few examples to the relational contract which are as under: Agreement of Integrated Form, USA [Made effective for project related to sutter health in California and as well as by other healthcare service provider]; Agreement of alliances (Australia) [It is in process of finalization but still it is not final expected to be finalized vey soon ]; and AIA C191-2009 Standard Form Multi-Party Agreement of Integrated Project Delivery. Above are the apt examples to understand and find the relevance of relational contract theory in a broader perspective. Theory of relational contract is propounded through the work related to e empirical of Macaulay and Beale, Dugdale as well as by legal research related to theory of R. McNeil, who is accredited with the starting use of the contract of relation based on terms. Macaulay express in his work that, generally in a pure traditional business, the parties to the transaction are not much concerned with the terms of the contract or the contract per se. Parties are more ambitious to do the business or not choose to stop the contract, however they would re-organize so as to make performance feasible and evolve the contract as relationship develops with the business in continuation . Thus, the dominance of a party in a transaction changes as the relationship evolves between the parties during the survival of the contract. As per Macaulay, the presence of non-legal norms is much more vital than the terms and conditions of a contract or the contract law itself. He believes that, formulating a contract is always expensive and the essence of trust and relationship in a contract is more of relevance in a contract. Commonly shared norms are seen frequently law related to contract and statutory remedies were tried to be avoided or avoided as without flexibility. Macneils core research is in relation to the environment in the contest of society and the rulws and regulation of behaviour that is prevailing in every guiding principal of exchange. He further elucidates that, every contract which is between the parties, irrespective of it being discrete transaction, it always has an essence of general environment of social relations, and accordingly he renamed his own version essential contract theory. According to Macneil, in the modern times parties to a contract have a chance to choose among position and behavioural standards as provided by the state. Thus any simple transaction could involve an essence of social and economic circumstances. For example, a relation between a customer and a seller or with a producer, in context of a particular product, for an instance, a customer who buys and drinks coke of a particular producer; he/she shall develop a certain relationship with the seller or producer though he/she might be purchasing coke for the first time from that seller. This is what a relational contract theory is. Another important aspect covered up by Macneil is that, how to respond a breach coming out of a contractual relation? He by leaving back the traditional approach and by pursuing the maverick understanding shows the remedial response of adhering to the private relationship of parties to the transaction. This new approach was also adopted in European Draft Common Frame of Reference, where the remedial provisions sort its relevance in the relational contract theory. Relational Contract Theory Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited The brief facts in the matter of Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited were that, the appellants were the employed as baggage handlers by the respondent. The services of the appellants were terminated on the grounds of pilfering baggage, which was negated by the appellants and contested their dismissal to be harsh, unjust and unreasonable. This unauthorized termination was argued to be in breach of clause 11(a) of the Transport Workers (Airlines) Award, 1988 and claim damages for the breach of the contract. One question in Byrnes case was about the difference in a statue and contract arising due to obligation clause as a result both become contrary . It was proposed by the appellants that the statutory rights/obligations are not needed to be embraced in the contract, as they are considered to be the part of every silent contract. But the court adjudicated that, firstly, there are specific pre-existed intention of the parties to the contract before they put their shoes into the contractual obligation. Secondly, Terms related to contract must be so exhaustive that it implicates a reasonable and equitable position to the parties of the contract. The court finally expressed its opinion by presenting its view that, in case of a contract being silent on certain important aspect which arise dispute in future shall not conjunct by an implied term. But an appropriate test is to be applied for understanding the intention of the parties or conduct of the parties through their past course of dealin g or social and economic relationship are to be assessed. Even, in cases where there is no expressed connotation of a specific term in the contract which leads to a situation of dispute in future, then termination a contract by giving a notice would suffice. But, this does not means that we have to presume any alteration/amendment in the contract would be out of a proximate intention of parties to contract. Justice Dixon also elaborated in the context of the term relationship. He says there is always a distinction between a contractual relationship and other relationship amongst the parties to the contract. Further he illuminate by referring to the contractual relationship entered between the parties in the country itself, he says , Wrong termination of employee, terminates the employer and employee relationship irrespective of the fact thatthe employee accepts the repudiation constituted by the wrongful expulsion and make an end to the contract. Thus, here the question is not about the dismissal or breach of a contract but the question is about the conduct of the parties to the contract, whether the relationship between the parties has empowered so that they go beyond the contractual terms to achieve a fair play. Hence, the understanding of Macneil that, in the modern times parties to a contract have a chance to decide or select for position and standards related to behavioral as given and specified by the respective authority is proved to be right. Thus, it is to be understood that the conduct of a contract is not only governed by the clause containing terms ,conditions and obligation of the contract, however due to the intentions, past relations as well as demeanor of the parties to the contract. Hence, the High Court of the Australia dismissed the appeal of the appellants and gave a contemporary guise to the understanding of a contract. Conclusion The work of Macaulay and Macneil lays its very existence in todays modern contracts. The commercial relationship between the parties entering into the contract, whether it is long term or short term, the significance of the intent and the approach/conduct of the parties shall determine the vivacity of the contract and shall not be prone to breach. Even, in the construction industry in Australia has adhere to the principles and prevailing norms of relational contract, where all three leveled namely the Inspector level, Engineer level and the Project Manager levels manages the issues on the basis of relationship, as the construction projects may suffer huge in case of breach/termination of a contract on minor or petty issues, which can be resolved through mutual understanding and negotiation irrespective of the contractual terms. Hence, it was observed that the barrier which are proactive is spitted down between the parties then by the collaborative approach one can resolve the differ ence and difficulty without referring to the formal document which may end up in more complex situation then we were never before. Further, I would like to accord the theories of B. Klein, that enforcement of contract must not be alternative under the guise of court enforcement or the private enforcement. Though, the earlier one may give an amount of rigidity and the later gives flexibility in the general context to the parties facing dispute after entering into the contract. In finality what that matters is the ultimate object of the parties to the transaction. So, it is not that important to comply with the terms of contract while it at a death bed, but rather we should try to focus on its survival.

How Should Brands Handle Somber Days in the Calendar

Holidays can provide great opportunities for brands to better connect with customers and boost sales. But this is not the case for all holidays. Memorial Day and Veteran’s Day are two examples where brands have to be very attuned to what the day is about and not be seen as trying to score a profit off a day of reverence. If you come off as tone-deaf, you will receive backlash as many brands have experienced. When Bad Tweets Happen Memorial Day is right around the corner and is centered on the men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country, along with their families. Here are a few fails from some well-known brands: IHOP: The International House of Pancakes started their Memorial Day tweet off right with a short and simple â€Å"Thank you,† but offended many by displaying a tall stack of red-white-and-blue berry pancakes.This made many feel like the company was trying to make Memorial Day about increasing their pancake sales. Cinnabon:This was another example of a brand trying to shoehorn their product into a Memorial Day tweet. Predictably, it backfired. Stone Brewing:The brewery company didn’t get a great reaction from its Memorial Day tweet. Getting it Right If you do want to acknowledge days of reverence, you can craft a successful post if you follow a few guidelines: Do not put your product or service in the spotlight. Focus on the reason behind the day. Keep your message simple.Major League Baseball provides a good example with this Memorial Day tweet: This tweet works because although the photo was taken at a baseball stadium, the service members take center stage.The message comes through loud and clear – the MLB respects America’s military personnel. Days like Veteran’s Day and Memorial Day require more sensitivity and understatement on social media.Always consider your target market when you plan your social media on these days and remember that not every post or tweet has to be about your company or products. By maintaining a deferential and respectful tone, you should be able to strengthen the connection with your customers instead of facing a backlash.

Is Sex Eroding Moral Values essays

Is Sex Eroding Moral Values essays Moral can be defined loosely as "of good character". Values are "a belief, or standard". The question at hand is, has sex eroded moral values? Sex is everywhere. It is not limited to the bedroom anymore, but to the television, movies, billboards, office buildings and the White House. The open discussion and study of sex dates back only about a century, to the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that sexuality was innate, present in humans at birth. Freud lived at a time when sexuality was considered unsavory, and was avoided in all polite conversation and social interaction. His breakthrough thinking affected social practices as well as therapeutic ones. In Freud's own era, the "moral fog that had enshrouded sexuality for most of the nineteenth century did not begin to lift until after the First World War" (Janus, 11). Where do we get our morals and values? Character education was what took place in school and society in the past. It was sometimes heavy-handed and always liable to abuse, but it seemed to serve our culture well over a long period of time. But what we have now, for the most part, is the "decision-making approach" (Kilpatrick, 16). In one form or another, sometimes as a course in itself, sometimes as a strategy in sex education classes, sometimes as a unit in civics or social sciences, it has set the tone for moral education in public and even private schools. "The shift from character education to the decision-making model was begun with the best of intentions. The new approach was meant to help students to think more independently and critically about values" (Kilpatric,16). Proponents claimed that a young person would be more committed to self-discovered values than to ones that were simply handed down by adults. That was the hope, but the actual consequences of the shi ft have been quite different. For students, it has meant wholesale confusion about moral values: learning to question value...

Waterhouse Friderichsen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Waterhouse Friderichsen - Essay Example As the discussion highlights the hypothetical case study will be a 35-year-old female patient who was found with signs and symptoms associated with Waterhouse Friderichsen. A 35-year-old female patient got admitted after showing signs of high-grade fever accompanied by chills and vomiting over a period of 7days. The patient also had a skin rash on the abdomen and trunk, which appeared on the 5th day of infection. Following admission, the patient developed a hemorrhagic rash. On assessing the family history, there was no any significant information to associate the infection with family history. Medical examination revealed that the patient was unstable, and there was the presence of cyanosis. The patient was afebrile with a pulse rate of 90/min and a systolic BP of 70mmHg. From this paper, it is clear that neurological examination revealed positive signs of Kerning and Brudzinski. There were rashes all over the body but predominated on the abdomen and trunk. Collection of CSF was done under aseptic conditions and its processing is done under standard bacteriological procedures. Microscopy on CSF was done routinely, and a cell count of 9400/mm3 was reported. Of the total cell count, 86% were polymorphs while 14% were lymphocytes. An increase in CSF proteins to 309mg% and a decrease in glucose to 20mg% were reported. A Gram stain preparation of the CSF revealed pus cells accompanied with gram-negative diplococcus. CSF cultures were done on MacConkey agar, chocolate agar, and blood agar and incubated overnight. After overnight incubation, there were tiny translucent colonies on blood agar and chocolate agar. Standard bacteriological procedures identified the tinny translucent colonies to be those of Neisseria meningitides. A CT scan conducted on the patie nt confirmed adrenal hemorrhage, which is present in Waterhouse Friderrichsen syndrome. Antibiotic sensitivity using 5 antibiotics showed no resistance to any of the antibiotics under examination.

REPORT OF NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

REPORT OF NURSING - Essay Example Initially, some relevant statistics on stress in America would be presented prior to expounding on the causes and effects, as required. The statistics on stress have been monitored by Stress in America where the results have been published in the official website of the American Psychological Association (APA) as patterns were reportedly decreasing, over the past five years, as shown in Figure 1, below: Likewise, the report revealed that â€Å"more than 9 in 10 (94 percent) adults believe that stress can contribute to the development of major illnesses, such as heart disease, depression and obesity, and that some types of stress can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias and even sudden death, particularly in people who already have cardiovascular disease (92 percent)† (APA, 2012, par. 12). The health-related concerns have been proven to be triggered by stress factors as presented below: The causes of stress was clearly illustrated in Figure 2 as ranging from financial factors, work, the status of the economy, relationships, responsibilities in the family, health problems that affect one’s family members, personal health problems, job stability, costs of housing, and personal safety, in decreasing order. The statistics revealed that in 2011, people become increasingly irritable or prone to anger (42%); feels nervous or anxious (39%); are easily fatigued (37%); feels depressed or sad (37%); have manifested lack of interest or motivation (35%); develops headache (32%); tendencies to cry (30%); complains of upset stomach or indigestion (24%) and exemplifies muscular tension (24%). These all confirm that different causes of stress directly impact people, as manifested through the physical and health concerns, as identified above. American Institute of Stress. N.d. Stress, Definition of Stress, Stressor, What is Stress? Eustress? [Online]. Available at: http://www.stress.org/topic-definition-stress.htm [Accessed 13 March

Crosstabulation analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crosstabulation analysis - Essay Example Furthermore, even in the heinous crime of murder same age range is mostly being arrested by the police. It might not be evident, but the availability of prohibited drugs and the usage of it by the youth plays a major role in their delinquent activities. In an attempt to discuss whether youth violence is associated in their use of drugs, this paper presents the concurrent findings of the said relationship. Specifically, this paper focuses on the question of the connection of the use of marijuana or hashish of their friends to the involvement of the respondents in gang fights. The researcher used the data collected in the 1995 National Survey of Adolescents in the United States with 1614 valid results. The survey asked the respondents the likelihood of their involvement to gang fights since their friends are using marijuana or hashish. On this paper, the frequency of use of the prohibited drugs is the independent variable, and the involvement of those who used it in the said delinquency is the dependent variable. The researcher will then establish if there is a connection between the two variables by evaluating the results of the survey and using statistical tools to support its claim. According to Blumstein (1995), â€Å"drug abuse is an important factor that has affected criminal activity.† Paul Goldstein (1985) reiterated the taxonomy of the drug-crime connection as made up of three components such as the â€Å"pharmacological/psychological consequences (drug itself causes criminal activity), economic-compulsive crimes (crimes committed by the user to support his habit), and systemic crimes (crimes committed as part of the regular means of doing business in the drug industry)†. On the cross tabulation table based on the 1995 survey, the data showed that 12.2% (197 of 1614) of the overall respondents have engaged in the gang fights accounted it to the use of

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English The text is from a collection of poems in The Phoenix Nest, which has been extracted from the book The poem of Sir Walter Ralegh. The Early Modern English poem is fourteen lines long and is quintessentially a self-pitiful venture to remind the poet himself of his lifetimes dashed reputation and respect as a result of his profound mistake. The poet, Sir Walter Raleigh, became a favourite of Queen Elizabeth the First after conveying, on a number of occasions, his abhorrence towards the Catholic Church but also due to his exceptional services to the state. Nevertheless, Queen Elizabeth had Walter thrown into prison after acknowledging his love affair with one of her Maids of Honour, Bessie Throckmorton. During this period of humility, Walter wrote the poem Farewell to the Court in 1593, which is in essence an unforgettable embittered poem that insinuated the Court did not aid him is his dilemma, although he had unquestionably devoted his lifetime in working for the Court. On a less subt le basis, the poem is concerning the poets despair, his contemplation on the wrongs committed and his hopes for fortune to come sooner than later. Sir Walter Raleigh was born at Hayes Barton, which is near the village of East Budleigh, Devon, England. Language scholars claim that the poet retained his strong Devonshire accent, although he came into contact with numerous regional accents all over England, including the prominent accents of London. However, apparently the poets accent was not discriminated in London. Furthermore, before the fifteenth century, when English had been standardized thanks to the Black Death (where the economy experienced a significant drop in population-size) and to Caxton (who introduced printing in 1476), there were several regional standard varieties of English. However, by the fifteenth century, the London regional standard was recognised as the only standard in England due to urbanisation and excessive economic growth in London. Analysis According to Smith (1999:128) v and u were used interchangeably in a word to represent both a vowel and a consonant. Therefore, v was generally used in initial position, for example, vnknowne (line 6) whereas u was generally used in all other positions, for example, truthles (line 1). However, there are evidences in the text that explicitly indicate inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not conform to the written spelling conventions. In the poem, v is utilized in all positions of a word, for example, the non-initial position in the word covrt (title) and the initial position in the word vnknowne (line 6) whereas u is utilized in all non-initial positions of a word, for example, the vowel occurs in the second syllable of returne (line 2) and in the first syllable of loue (line 3). Furthermore, according to Smith (1999:128), the final -y (in present day English) was orthographically represented by -ie, for example, staie (line 12). However, there are obvio us evidences in the text that similarly signify inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not implement the written conventions. In the poem, the final -y is unsystematically transcribed in various ways, such as: -ye (e.g. ioyes (line 1)), -y (e.g. my (line 1) and onely (line 4)), -ie (e.g. daies (line 2), fancie (line 3), staies (line 4) and waies (line 6)) and -ey (e.g. countrey (line 9)). Nevertheless, the discrepancies in the orthography may have transpired as a result of several reasons, such as: variation in regional dialectal (which would explain why there are numerous forms representing the final -y), written errors made by the scribe (which would explain the form -y being mostly represented by -ie), later modifications made by the editor in order to enable contemporary readers to comprehend the poem (which would explain why the word expired (line 1) is not spelt in its Early Modern English original form expird) or, a more straightforward reason woul d be, the poet felt exercising his own hybrid written conventions were more appropriate (which would explain the use of both regional and standard forms to represent one morpheme/syllable) than implementing the standard spelling system, particularly for a personal poem. Hence, although London English had become the standard variety in England, the latter justification would suggest individual writers had the propensity not to exploit the standard orthography during this early period when Standard English was yet considered not authoritative enough to cause national change in the spelling system. Smith (1999:130) alleges that, with respect to Early Modern English (EModE) pronunciation, although there were accentual variations in England, there was a fairly close correlation between a written letter and a spoken sound segment. However, there are evidences in the text that contradict this theory. For example, the vowels in the words life (line 7) and sweete (line 11) are orthographically realized as i and e, respectively. By contrast, the vowels are phonemically realized as / Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °/ and /i:/, respectively. These examples clearly prove that in Early Modern English there was no direct correlation between orthography and phonology, particularly in this poem if not generally in the 16th century. This notion is further reinforced by the fact that Middle English had undergone major transformations in the fifteenth century (Strang 1970:165-172), whereby the language experienced the Great Vowel Shift, the inclusion of new phonemes (such as: / -/ and / Ã… ½/) and t he obsoleteness of various phonemes (such as / Ã‹Å"/). Hence, due to the fact that the poem is not phonemically transcribed, one cannot distinguish whether or not the poets accent had any linguistic effect on the poem. There is a significant number of words in the poem, approximately 25%, that are not Old English in origin but instead derive from various languages, such as: Germanic (e.g. dream), Old French (e.g. joy), Latin (e.g. expire), Greek (e.g. fantasy), French (e.g. retrieve) and Old Norse (e.g. wail). Although sixteenth century England experienced a dramatic increase in the number of loan words (more than any previous century) particularly from French, the percentage of non-Old English lexical items used in the poem is, nonetheless, extremely high. However, the use of what was classified as inkhorn terms (the pompous terminology of the over-learned) was probably used subconsciously if not intentionally by the poet in order to convey his retaliation towards the state, for unjustly imprisoning him in the Tower of London, by subtly advocating the encouragement of foreign influence. Conversely, the latter notion can be bypassed by the fact that a large number of words in the poem, approximatel y 75%, were Old English in origin. Furthermore, although the poet was not a purist (a writer who attempted to replace loans words with Old English poly-morpheme equivalents, for example, unthroughfaresom was used by purists as a substitute to impenetrable), the poet uses the Old English word loue (line 3) rather than the Neo-Latin alternative druery. Nevertheless, one may argue that the Neo-Latin term was not exploited in the poem because, by the 16th century, it was considered somewhat archaic. Hence, linguists argue that the vocabulary generally exploited by writers were predominantly Old English, except in the rare occasions where purist (such as Edmund Spenser) attempted to use all Old English based words whereas neologisers (such as Sir Walter Raleigh, but only in a short period of time) attempted to use as many loan words as possible (Smith 1999:153-4 Strang 1970:184). With respect to syntax, according to Smith (1999:142) Early Modern English is very similar to present-day English because it follows the same word order pattern (subject-verb-object), for example, the sorrow onely staies (line 4) incidentally there is no object because the word stay is an intransitive verb. Furthermore, the pronouns whose/whom can be used as a relative pronoun by occurring in initial position, which was a distinct feature since late Middle English, for example, whose sommer well nie don (line 11) and whom care forewarnes (line 13). However, although SVO was the unmarked word order in the 16th century, there are instances in the poem where a clause may be missing a grammatical function (i.e. the subject), for example, the clause to haste me hence (line 14) only consists of the non-finite verb followed by the object, which indicates development from Middle English to early 16th century. Nevertheless, the word order SVO is maintained and such peculiarity was typically found in poetry (due to stylistic reasons) rather than prose. With respect to morphology, the morphological system of Middle English has been largely preserved in Early Modern English (Smith 1999:134-141), such as: the plural marker -s on nouns (e.g. dreames (line 1), ioyes (line 1), etc.) and the predicate agreeing with its subject both in person and number (e.g. there is number agreement in Like truthles dreames, so are my ioyes expired (line 1)). However, the most idiosyncratic morphological feature in the 16th century is that an apostrophe is never used to indicate the genitive case, for example, in the phrase my life in fortunes hand (line 7) there is no apostrophe after the last vowel in the word fortunes, which would be present in present-day English. Nevertheless, apart from the excessive growth of compounding (e.g. forewarnes (line 13)), the poem has more or less preserved the morphological and syntactic properties of Middle English. The poet repeatedly emphasizes the refrain Of all which past, the sorow onely staies (line 4) in order to convey he is pessimistic and depressed by the fact that time passes by and the only thought that crosses his mind is the idea of eternal loneliness and sorrow. Furthermore, the poet does not in any way imply he apologizes for his mistake but instead insinuates he has been misled. This implicit meaning may account for the use of the rhyming scheme ABAB, which differentiates the rhyming couplet A and B in other words, the rhyming scheme is used as a metaphor to suggest that the poet and his lover, Bessie Throckmorton, are probably never meant to be together. Conclusion The poem Farewell to the Court by Sir Walter Raleigh illustrates the fact that, by the sixteenth century (i.e. Early Modern English), the orthographic and phonological systems of Middle English underwent major transformations, so much so that the correlation that existed between the two linguistic features had deteriorated significantly. Furthermore, during this period where the London English regional variety was recognised as the only official standard in England, the standard was not authoritative enough to initiate national change among writers (including Sir Walter Raleigh), although Caxton introduced spelling norms with his mass printing. Conversely, as the language acknowledged one official standard (rather than several regional standards), the basic syntactic and morphological properties of Middle English (which are implemented the poem) were sustained throughout Early Modern English to present-day English. Hence, the language of the poem explicitly depicts the fact that Earl y Modern English was linguistically extremely similar but not homogenous to present-day English (orthographically, phonologically, morphologically and syntactically).

Love Is Timeless :: essays research papers fc

Love can be described as having genuine affection towards someone. Whether it be a family member or your soulmate, love comes in many shapes and forms. Love is also defined as timeless and infinite. In the poem â€Å"A Red, Red Rose† by Robert Burns, there is many connotations about love. Throughout the poem the speaker symbolizes his love for someone. He uses various metaphors to get his point across about how he feels about this particular person. However, what makes this poem differ from other common love poems is that it emphasizes how the author leaves but will still always love the other person thus making love endless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Burns was born in Scotland, January 25th, 1759. He was the son of William Burnes, or Burness, at the time on the banks of the Doon in Ayrshire. He married Jean Armour whose father did not approve of their marriage. They moved all over England and finally ended up in Dumfries where he died at thirty-eight. Historians believe that the poem ‘A Red, Red Rose’ emerged from the difficulties Jeam Armour’s father had of their marriage. Regardless of her father’s disapproval, he wed her and created an ageless poem of his love towards her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA Red, Red Rose’ uses various similes and metaphors to describe love. Love is conveyed through a rose. The color â€Å"red† is also a symbol of passion and love. In lines 3 and 4 Burns is compelled again to write another metaphor about his love. This time he compares her to a melody from a song. This is, however, a temporary beauty since a melody eventually ends. In the second stanza he believes that his love will last forever. The line â€Å"tell a’ the seas gang dry† (Burns 1401) does not put a limit of time in his love. The probability that this would happen is next to impossible making his love continuous. Lines 9 through 11 also convey the same message as lines 5 through 8.His love will last until â€Å"the rocks melt wi’ the sun† (Burns 1401) Burns emphasizes again the fact that his love will never end. This reiteration tells readers that he truly loves this person and that he will not stop loving this person until the end of time. The final stanza has multiple meanings. He could mean that their love is separated above or beyond the sands of time.

Eu Directive And Waste Management Strategy Environmental Sciences Essay

This chapter asks the inquiry: â€Å" If there is a green engineering undertaking to undertake a local issue: What would the issue be? Which green engineering? Where to implement? What graduated table? † This inquiry is answered in the undermentioned six subdivisions: The first subdivision reviews the relevant statute law refering to the biodegradable organic waste and elucidates the of import function of AD in run intoing the rigorous marks ; the 2nd portion of this chapter references about the issue of municipal solid waste ( MSW ) ; the 3rd portion is sing the direction of family organic waste, it intends to convey that the MSW, peculiarly the organic waste fraction is conquerable through AD procedure ; while the 4th subdivision compares composting and AD, the 5th subdivision focuses on the AD engineering, viz. the historical background, the AD development worldwide and in the UK. Finally, the 6th subdivision is the nucleus of this chapter which presents the principle to th e research aims by informing the AD applications and benefits, the ideal feedstock for AD every bit good as the graduated table of AD engineering.2.1 EU Directive and Waste Management StrategyIn the last decennary, there has been an inflow of European statute law necessitating schemes to be introduced to pull off waste and to run into recycling and recovery marks ( Price, 2001 ; Morrissey & A ; Phillips 2007 ) . Harmonizing to European Union Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC, the member provinces are obliged to set up national schemes that helps to diminish the biodegradable municipal solid waste ( MSW ) being landfilled. Biodegradable waste is defined as â€Å" waste that is capable of undergoing anaerobiotic or aerophilic decomposition, such as nutrient and garden waste and paper and composition board † ( European Union, 1999 ; Price, 2001 ) . The member states aim to cut down the biodegradable fraction by 25 % , 50 % and 65 % by 2006, 2009 and 2016 severally ( Stegmann, 2005 ; Slack et al. , 2009 ; Trois & A ; Simelane 2010 ) . The Landfill Directive had a important impact on the waste direction in the UK, ensuing a dramatic reform of the system and besides doing great force per unit area on the local governments and homeowners. Since the execution of the Directive, the authorities has been urged to tackle its recycling strategies and broaden its incineration capacity ( Price, 2001 ) . Whilst direct charging to the homeowner was deemed to be a factor which could promote public engagement in the waste direction schemes ( Burnley, 2001 ) . Defra ( 2010 ) stated that nutrient waste was one of the paramount issues to be tackled in order to carry through the duties under the Directive. In England, the Landfill Allowances & A ; Trading Scheme ( England ) Regulations 2004 ( LATS Regulations ) presumed that â€Å" the sum of biodegradable municipal waste in an sum of collected municipal waste is 68 % by weight † ( Hogg at al. , 2007 ) . The strategy was designed to cipher the biodegradable fraction of landfilled waste and to apportion the â€Å" landfill allowance † to single governments ( Hogg et al. , 2007 ; Knipe, 2005 ) . Hence, the governments were apt to a punishment of ?150 per extra metric ton of biodegradable waste being landfilled ( Knipe, 2005 ) . The strategy aimed to promote intervention of biodegradable waste and hoped to finally deviate the waste from landfill. In order to run into the marks, waste schemes for England and Wales ( Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 2000 ) , Scotland ( SEPA, 1999 ) and Northern Ireland ( Department of the Environment, 2000 ) were published ( Burnley 2001 ) . The EU ‘s Sixth Environment Action Programme ( 2002-2012 ) built the environmental pillar of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy that emphasized waste bar and direction ( Morrissey & A ; Phillips 2007 ) . The programme set cardinal aims to advance reuse, cut down, recycle and to guarantee waste being disposed closest possible to its beginning ( EEA, 2009 ; Knipe, 2005 ) . The new Waste Framework Directive ( 2008/98/EC ) besides required the European Commission to advance waste bar programmes, for case place composting and AD ( Hogg at al. , 2007 ; EEA, 2009 ) . â€Å" Household waste bar † was defined as â€Å" understating the measure and perilousness of household-derived waste generated in a defined community for aggregation by any party † by National Resource and Waste Forum in their â€Å" Waste Prevention Framework † ( NRWF, 2003 ; Knipe, 2005 ) . A study on â€Å" International pattern to forestall and cut down MSW † published by Defra besides defined household waste bar likewise ( Defra, 2004 ) . The accent on â€Å" Household waste bar † implies that the decrease and the intervention of family nutrient waste were being prioritised in the waste hierarchy. Harmonizing to â€Å" Waste scheme one-year advancement study † ( WS2007/8 – Defra, 2007/8 ) , the execution of assorted and unintegrated aggregation has successfully diverted a consistent sum of waste being landfilled. The former was either sorted or treated while the latter was either recycled or composted before landfilling ( Trois & A ; Simelane, 2010 ) . Waste Strategy for England 2007 highlighted the benefits of utilizing AD to handle separated gathered nutrient waste. The benefits included bring forthing energy and bring forthing good quality fertilizer ( WS 2007 ; Defra, 2010 ) . Other than the Landfill Directive, there is besides Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive 96/61/EC which requires the Best Available Techniques ( BAT ) to be taken into history. It is to cut down the emanations from peculiar installing and to relieve impact on environment ( Knipe, 2005 ) . Furthermore, when covering with family nutrient waste, Animal By-products Regulation ( ABPR ) needed to be considered. It set out regulations to command the processing and to stop the usage of the biodegradable stuff so that the hazard to animal and public wellness can be minimised ( Knipe, 2005 ) . ABPR inhibited unfastened windrows composting of kitchen waste ( Hogg et al, 2007 ) . On the other manus, EU Renewable Energy Directive ( 2001/77/EC ) encouraged electricity coevals from renewable energy beginnings ( EEA, 2009 ) . In order to follow with the Directive, the UK has to beginning 15 % of its energy from renewable beginnings by 2020 ( Defra, 2010 ) . Presently, AD is regarded as a possible engineering for the UK to accomplish this mark. It is due to its capableness to bring forth biogas to bring forth heat and electricity and biomethane to be injected into the gas grid ( Defra, 2010 ) . To give greater drift, UK Energy Act has implemented the Energy White Paper ‘Meeting the Energy Challenge ‘ which promotes renewable energy. The statute law permitted the debut of Feed-In-Tariffs ( FITs ) for small-scale low C electricity coevals from April 2010 ( Defra, 2010 ) . In add-on, renewable heat undertakings will be able to have fiscal inducements from the Renewable Heat Incentive ( RHI ) being introduced in April 2011 ( Redman, 2010 ) . Apparently, the UK ‘s AD fiscal inducements are being broaden to heat coevals as good. The renewable heat undertakings include injection of biomethane into the National Gas Grid, production of heat and power through AD and coevals of heat for territory warming. In the ‘AD-Shared Goals ‘ study by Defra ( 2009 ) , it was stated that by 2020, â€Å" AD will be an established engineering in UK † .2.2 Municipal solid waste directionMunicipal solid waste ( MSW ) direction is going a important issue in many sta tes because the landfill of MSW contributes a important sum of methane which requires a complex emanation control and intervention ( Calabro 2009 ; Fricke et Al. 2005 ) . Presently in England, 50 % of MSW generated is landfilled, 12 % incinerated and 37 % recycled or composted ( DEFRA, 2009 ; ( Muhle et al. 2010 ) ) . Assorted interventions and aggregation strategies are being introduced and optimized in order to cut down the impact of nursery gases ( GHG ) and the sum of MSW being landfilled ( Knipe, 2005 ; ( Calabro 2009 ) . The uninterrupted addition of waste measures is seting force per unit area on many European states to run into recycle and recovery marks. In add-on, alterations to the waste direction were deemed to enforce economic and environmental costs. For case the execution of waste aggregation strategies like separate nutrient waste aggregation every bit good as the acceptance of higher engineering in waste recycling and recovery. aˆÂ ¦ The survey carried out by Slater and Frederickson ( 2001 ) concluded that the UK should better its kerbside aggregation and the composting of both kitchen and green waste instead than depending entirely on green waste composting. The findings were consistent with a figure of surveies ( Eunomia, 2007 ; AFOR, 2009 ) which stated that aerophilic composting was a good manner to pull off biodegradable waste. Whilst Calabro ( 2009 ) reported that separate aggregation played an of import function in pull offing the MSW and cut downing GHG. Separate aggregation followed with family nutrient wastes intervention provide greater net benefits in footings of increasing waste gaining control and understating the processing costs ( Gibbs A. and Hogg D. , 2008 ) . It is the writers ‘ purpose to clear up that separate waste aggregation and aerophilic composting were the ideal manner to pull off MSW. Despite of that, Muhle at Al. ( 2010 ) proved that accent on energy from waste ( EfW ) was the key to sustainable waste direction whereby maximal recycling and recovery could be achieved. In their survey, the MSW direction in Germany and the UK were compared from the facet of their C emanations. The comparing revealed that Germany with great publicity of recycle and recovery through energy from waste ( EfW ) installations emits five times less C compared with the UK ( Muhle et al. 2010 ) . As highlighted in another survey by Jamasb & A ; Nepal 2010 ) , EfW played an indispensable function as a feasible option to pull off waste efficaciously and as a stable beginning of renewable energy. They therefore proposed that the UK can better its MSW direction through the addition of EfW installations ( Muhle et al. 2010 ; Jamash & A ; Nepal 2010 ) .2.3 Pull offing organic waste at a family degreeKnipe ( 2005 ) reported that from the 30 million metric tons of MSW generated in the UK, family wa ste accounted a big proportion of 90 % . He added that the nutrient waste was the fraction which needs great attending due to its decayable nature every bit good the related environmental and public wellness concerns. Whilst Papadopiulos et Al. ( 2009 ) claimed that biodegradable organic waste was the major waste composing generated by family. Food waste digesters ( FWDs ) , a composter situated in the garden were deemed to play a portion in diminishing the biodegradable fraction of family waste at beginning ( Price, 2001 ) . While Knipe ‘s ( 2005 ) work supports Price ‘s ( 2001 ) findings to some extend, he stated that â€Å" aggregation and centralized intervention every bit good as place composters and Food Waste Digesters ( FWDs ) are two ways to pull off garden and nutrient waste † . His research revealed that nutrient waste intervention based in family appeared to be more cost effectual compared with the centralized intervention ( Knipe, 2005 ) . Likewise, the public presentation of a paradigm family composter was proposed and tested by Papadopiulos et Al. ( 2009 ) . Their probe showed that the system was able to bring forth high quality compost hence it was likely to promote public engagement in the waste direction. The aforesaid surveies by Price ( 2001 ) , Knipe ( 2005 ) and Papadopiulos et Al. ( 2009 ) emphasised the rule of ‘proximity to waste ‘ when pull offing biodegradable fraction of family waste.Composting and ADEunomia ( 2007 ) investigated the direction of biowastes from the facet of life rhythm analysis ( LCA ) . In their survey, they defined biowaste as garden and nutrient waste. Their probe has revealed place composting as the cheapest manner to deviate biowastes from landfill. However, they have besides concluded that AD and in-vessel composting are two effectual ways for biowaste direction, with AD holding more environmental benefits in footings of bring forthing renewable energy ( Eunomia, 2007 ) . Munster & A ; Lund ( 2010 ) applauded the findings in their comparing survey of eight different Waste-To-Energy ( WtE ) engineerings urging the AD of manure and organic waste for biogas production. A study undertaken by Association for Organics Recycling ( AFOR ) in 2006/07 reported that the UK composting and biological intervention industry has a promising advancement. Therefore more in-vessel composting ( IVC ) and AD installation are anticipated to be constructed to pull off the nutrient waste collected ( AFOR, 2008 ) . Aerobic and anaerobiotic interventions of MSW were compared by Fricke et Al ( 2005 ) . They revealed that AD appeared to be a more promising intervention due to its minimum exhaust emanations and maximum coevals of biogas unlike aerophilic intervention which has higher exhaust emanations and requires higher energy demand ( Fricke et al. 2005 ) . As reported by Braber ( 1995 ) , the procedure of composting consumes around 30 – 35 kWh per metric ton of waste input whist in contrast, AD procedure generates 100 – 150 kWh per metric ton of input waste input. Verma ( 2002 ) and Knipe ( 2005 ) besides supported that AD was likely to be a more believable alternate biological intervention compared to composting. Hence, the literatures concluded that AD was a feasible option to pull off family organic waste.2.4 Anaerobic digestion engineering2.4.1 Historical backgroundDuring the tenth century BC, biogas was ab initio used to heat bath H2O in Assyria and in Persia during the sixte enth century ( www.biogasworks.com ; Cruazon, 2007 ) . In 1808, Sir Humprhrey Davy proved that methane was present in the gases produced by cattle manure ( Cruazon, 2007 ) . Therefore, the AD procedure was claimed to beA one of the oldest engineerings ( Verma, 2002 ) . The industrialisation of AD commenced in Bombay, India when the first AD works was being built in 1859. Subsequently in 1895, the AD engineering shifted to England. A well-designed sewerage intervention system was used to bring forth biogas to fuel the street lamps in Exeter ( Verma, 2002 ; Cruazon, 2007 ) . In bend, with more development on AD procedure, anaerobiotic bacteriums that facilitate the production of methane were identified. Henceforth in 1930s, more manure and agribusiness waste were utilized to bring forth methane ( Humanik, F.A et al. , 2007 ) . Notably, the dominant application of AD engineering had been in farm-based installations ( Verma, 2002 ) . Prior to 1920, most of the AD was applied in anaerobiotic pools. However, as there were more understanding on the AD procedure and its advantages, more operational equipment and techniques were developed ( Verma, 2002 ) . The enterprise to stabilise waste has led to the debut of municipal sludge digester which spread worldwide. Nevertheless as the low-priced coal and crude oil became ebullient, AD systems were disregarded. In add-on, the increased involvement in aerophilic digestion systems had besides cause the reverses of AD. Although AD was being neglected by developed states, developing states like India and China in favour of the engineering ( Verma, 2002 ) . In early 1921, an ablong 8-m3 hydraulic biogas armored combat vehicle was built by Guorui Luo to digest family refuse to bring forth energy for cooking and illuming ( He 2010 ) . Later in 1970s, the energy crisis had stimulated the development of simple AD systems for methane production as an energy beginning ( Verma, 2002 ) . In China, the run â€Å" biogas usage in every rural household † was being promoted. However, due to proficient barriers, many of the family biogas systems were abandoned ( He, 2010 ) . Despite the barriers, India, China and Southeast Asia overcome the crisis with development of AD ( Verma, 2002 ) . Most of the AD systems were equipped with little digesters which used mixture of homo, animate being and kitchen waste as feedstock ( Verma, 2002 ) . Many AD undertakings emerged due to the urgency for deployment of AD systems to run into energy demands. The AD undertakings were chiefly farm-based AD installations ( Verma, 2002 ) . However, the shallow apprehension on AD had caused many undertaking failures ( Lusk, 1997 ) . Aboard with the research on AD, the AD systems became more complex and non restrained to simply agribusiness or carnal manure intervention but expanded to the direction of municipal waste intervention every bit good as family organic waste ( HOW ) ( Hessami et al. , 1996 ) . HOW comprised the nutrient garbages and garden waste which most homeowners dispose of in landfills or, compost. The AD of HOW was expected to turn peculiarly due to the GHG emanation decrease end set at Kyoto Summit ( Mata-Alvarez et al. 2000 ) .2.4.2 Development of AD worldwideIn Europe, AD installations were installed to handle a broad spectrum of waste watercourse like farm, industrial, and municipal waste ( Verma, 2002 ) . Currently, Germany is open uping in the deployment of AD engineering ( Poeschl et al. , 2010 ) . In Germany and Austria, there are 1000s of on-farm digesters which digest manure, nutrient waste and energy harvests to bring forth biogas for electricity coevals ( FOE, 2007 ) . Whilst in Denma rk, they have well-established AD engineering for manure and organic waste intervention ( Raven & A ; Gregersen 2007 ) . Their farm-scale workss provide territory warming and electricity for local communities ( Marsh, 2008 ; FOE, 2007 ) . A noteworthy illustration of upgrading biogas can be seen in Sweden where biogas is being used to bring forth fuel for fleets of town coachs ( Marsh, 2008 ; Holm-Nielsen et Al. 2009 ) . There were more than 600 farm-based digesters runing in Europe which emphasised on design simpleness ( Verma, 2002 ) . In Germany, around 250 farm-based digesters have been installed. In add-on to these systems, Europe is taking the lead in big centralized AD systems. There are 30 big centralised digesters of which 15 are in Denmark and 30 more are under building ( Verma, 2002 ) . These digesters co-digest manure, organic industrial wastes and source-separated MSW. Denmark is well-recognised for its centralized biogas works construct every bit good as co-operative farm-based Ad workss ( Raven & A ; Gregersen 2007 ) .Current AD Industry in the UKIn 2002, the UK ‘s first centralized AD installation was constructed in Holsworthy, Devon ( Figure 2.1 ) . The installation co-digested 75,000 metric tons of nutrient waste and carnal manure per twelvemonth ( World pumps, 2008 ; Marsh, 2008 ) . The biogas gas derived was sufficient to bring forth electricity for 3,600 places and to suppl y heat for local community ( Marsh, 2008 ) . There has been a considerable growing in the UK AD industry with the inflow of assorted fiscal inducements viz. Renewables Obligation Certificates ( ROC ) , Feed in Tariffs ( FITs ) , Renewable Heat Incentives ( RHI ) and others. In add-on, the relevant AD and renewable energy undertakings are besides underpinned through the AD Task Group, AD execution program ( Defra, 2010 ) and the AD Portal set up ( NNFCC, 2010 ) . Hence, the figure of AD workss in operation is predicted to increase quickly. Figure 2.1: The UK ‘s first centralized AD installation is constructed in Holsworthy, Devon. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk ) Ad has been used for many old ages in the UK peculiarly in the waste industry ( NNFCC, 2010 ) . Currently, 68 % of the UK ‘s sewerage sludge is being treated by AD. In comparing with Germany and Denmark, the UK ‘s AD industry is little and still in a newcomer position ( Defra, 2010 ) . However, by citing German and other states ‘ experience and engineerings, the AD industry in the UK is likely to germinate rapidly. Hitherto, there are 38 runing Ad workss in the UK, as shown on the biogas-map available from the web-based AD advice portal ( Figure 2.2 ) . The UK is aiming to develop more AD workss of different graduated tables. The execution program to increase the consumption of AD in England was clarified in the study by Defra ( 2009 ) . The programs aimed to ease the growing of AD industry including set abouting more research on small-scale and on-farm AD ( Defra, 2010 ) . Recommendations were made in order to accomplish the ambitious end as stated in Anaerobic Digestion – Shared Goals ( Defra, 2007 ) . The end is: â€Å" By 2020 anaerobiotic digestion will be an established engineering in this state, doing a important and mensurable part to our clime alteration and wider environmental aims. It will bring forth renewable energy in the signifier of biogas that will be used locally or injected into the grid for heat and power and for conveyance fuel. At the same clip, it will capture methane emanations from agribusiness. It will besides deviate organic waste, particularly nutrient waste, from landfill. The digestate will supply organic fertilizer and dirt conditioner for agribusiness and land usage. Anaerobic digestion and its merchandises will be used in a manner that is both good to the environment and cost effectual for that peculiar location. â€Å" This state will be recognised as a universe leader in the cost effectual, advanced and good usage of anaerobiotic digestion and in anaerobiotic digestion engineering and expertness. The Task Group will larn from experience both in this state and worldwide, doing usage of and constructing upon best pattern, and will portion our experience with others. † Eunomia ( 2006 ) reported that AD of source-separated family waste was able to lend about 0.36 per centum of UK electricity. In add-on, harmonizing to a study by Defra under the sub-section ‘Economics and Infrastructure ‘ , the separate aggregation of nutrient waste by the local governments was recommended to be proceeded ( Defra, 2009 ) . It is to guarantee that there are consistent feedstock supplies for the AD workss. Deployment of AD workss is believed to be important for the UK to achieve the renewable energy ends required by the EU Renewable Energy Directive ( Defra, 2010 ) . The UK produces over 100 million metric tons of organic stuff which is ideal as the feedstock for AD intervention ( NNFCC, 2010 ) . These organic stuffs include 12 – 20 million metric tons of family and industry nutrient waste, 90 million metric tons of agribusiness byproducts, every bit good as 1.73 million metric tons of sewerage sludge ( Defra, 2009 ; Eppel, 2010 ) . AD of different feedstock will give different sum of energy. For case, the digestion of 1 metric ton nutrient waste is able to give about 300 kWh energy. Harmonizing to the Renewable Energy Association ( REA ) , provided that all the UK ‘s family nutrient waste was treated by AD, there will be ample electricity for 350,000 families On FarmA |A Off FarmA |A Unknown Figure 2.2: The Biogas map demoing 38 active Ad workss in the UK ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //biogas-info.co.uk/maps/index2.htm ) Table 2.1: The AD workss and type in the UK ( Source: hypertext transfer protocol: //biogas-info.co.uk/maps/index2.htm )NoAD SiteTypeAFBI On farm Bank Farm On farm Comhairle nan Eilean Siar On farm Compact Power Off farm Copys Green Farm On farm Corsock Farm On farm Crouchland Farm On farm Davyhulme Wastewater Treatment Works Off farm Deerdykes Composting and Organics Recycling Facility Off farm Dimmer AD On farm Green Tye On farm Holsworthy Off farm Honiton Off farm Jepson Brothers, Ltd On farm John Rennie & A ; Son ( Farmers ) On farm Kemble Farms On farm Knockrivoch Farm On farm Lochside Farm Spynie On farm Lowbrook Farm On farm Lower Reule Bioenergy On farm Mauri Products Ltd Off farm Miekle Laught Farm On farm New Farm On farm Organic Power Unknown Selby Renewable Energy Park Off farm Sorbie Farm On farm South Shropshire Biodigester Off farm The Ryes On farm Tuquoy, Westray On farm Twinwoods On farm Twyford Power Station Off farm Walford & A ; North Shropshire College Farm On farm Wanlip Off farm Waterbeach Off farm Westwoods Plant On farm Wilbert Farms On farm Windover Farm On farm Woodhouse Nurseries Field Famrs On farmRationale to research purpose3.1 AD application and benefitsOrganic Power Ltd. stated that AD is the lone solution that â€Å" ticks all the boxes † ( Marsh, 2008 ) . Currently AD appears to be the favoured waste intervention option as it empowers itself, supplying entire energy recovery ( Braber 1995 ; FOE, 2007 ; Marsh, 2008 ) . In add-on to the capableness of handling organic waste ( sewage waste, agribusiness waste and nutrient waste ) , AD provides few accessory advantages. The added value includes production of clean and high quality digestates which can be used at farming area as fertilizers or dirt humanitarian ( Marsh, 2008 ; Wheadon, 2010 ) . The bi-product from AD can assist cut down the trust on mineral fertilizer which requires great energy input during production ( FOE, 2007 ) . Research into the use and benefits of biogas has been carried out by few research workers ( Marsh, 2008 ; Holm-Nielsen et Al. 2009 ; ) . The methane rich biogas can be produced when needed and can be easy captured ( Holm-Nielsen et al. 2009 ) . It can be utilised in a combined heat and power ( CHP ) works to bring forth renewable electricity and heat ( FOE, 2007 ) . It can besides be distributed to bing natural gas substructure ( Holm-Nielsen et al. 2009 ) . More singular, the biogas can be upgraded and be utilised as vehicle fuels as being applied in Sweden ( Marsh, 2008 ) . AD proves to be a dependable waste intervention alternate which can tackle the waste direction every bit good as the renewable energy coevals. The AD of organic wastes helps to cut down C emanations ( FOE, 2007 ; Hoffmann et Al. 2010 ) . Furthermore, the use of biogas as vehicle fuel replacement dodo fuels in the conveyance sector ( Holm-Nielsen et al. 2009 ) . Compared with other waste direction options like incinerators, landfill and gasification, deployment of AD installations produce minimum air and solid emanations every bit good as reduced odours jobs ( Braber, 1995 ; FOE, 2007 ) . Therefore, AD is the salient option which can do the EU ‘s stringent demands and ends come-at-able.3.2 Food waste as the suited feedstockIn an AD procedure, feedstock plays a needed function in maximizing biogas production ( Defra, 2009 ) . A considerable sum of literature has been published on different feedstock being used for biogas production. For case surveies on co-digestion of sewerage s ludge and OFMSW ( Sosnowski et al. 2003 ) , dairy manure and nutrient waste ( , every bit good as more digestion of nutrient waste ( Dearman & A ; Bentham 2007 ) . In comparing with cowss and hog slurry, Greenfinch Ltd. indicates that nutrient waste is a better feedstock ( Marsh, 2008 ) . Biodegradable organic fraction viz. nutrient waste was deemed as an ideal stuff for AD due to its built-in feature of readily and extremely digestible ( Bouallagui et al. 2004 ; Dearman & A ; Bentham 2007 ) . Whilst harmonizing to R.W.Beack ( 2004 ) , the biodegradable organic fraction collected at beginning suited as an AD feedstock due to its low taint. In add-on, nutrient waste has been identified as a extremely desirable feedstock which can bring forth high sum of methane ( Lay et al. , 1997 ; Dearman & A ; Bentham 2007 ; Zhang et Al. 2007 ) . A recent survey conducted by Lai et Al. ( 2009 ) determined that nutrient waste is possible for power coevals and besides energy preservation. Their findings were applauded by ) . Biogas derived from the separated organic family waste was claimed to be a sensible method of salvaging biomass ( Munster & A ; Lund 2010 ) . Therefore, the investing in development of AD was inferred to be good ( Munster & A ; Lund 2010 ) . The literatures imply that the family nutrient waste is an ideal feedstock for AD and is surmountable through AD intervention.3.3 The graduated table of an AD worksAd has evolved quickly around the universe in assorted graduated tables, from little individual vass for families, up to big industrial procedure size installations ( Wheadon, 2010 ) . In the UK, there are different graduated tables of AD in operation handling assortment of feedstocks. The assorted AD interventions include on farms AD works for manure and slurry, centralised AD works for biodegradable wastes ( Dearmen & A ; Bentham, 2007 ) every bit good as for sewerage sludges and industrial wastes ( Wheadon, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to the England ‘s Official Information Portal, at present there are about 38 on farm and off-farm centralized AD workss runing in the UK utilizing nutrient and farm waste. There is yet any small-scale AD installation installed for a residential country. In order to speed up the development of AD in the UK, the Centre for Process Innovation ( CPI ) is join forcesing with DECC to develop a small-scale AD development unit ( Defra, 2010 ) . The unit aims to supply chance for companies to afoot probes related with the AD feedstock and the engineering itself ( Defra, 2010 ) . The Government is aiming to spread out the small-scale and on-farm Ad workss in the UK. For case, the new feed-in-tariff ( FIT ) was introduced to supply fiscal inducements for small-scale renewable electricity coevals ( Defra, 2009 ) . Therefore, a high growing potency is envisaged for the small-scale Ad workss. Few surveies have attempted to explicate the benefits of holding small-scale or family AD installation. In 2007, the micro-treatment of organic fraction of MSW was studied and the writers concluded that AD in plug-flow digesters is ideal for small-scale AD intervention ( Chanakya et al, 2007 ) . Subsequently, in a survey by Yu et Al. ( 2008 ) , the writer indicated that family biogas use has significantly reduced GHG emanations in rural China. Small-scale biomethnation is once more claimed to be a feasible pick due to the decreased draw costs associated with waste disposal and attendant decreases in traffic pollutions. They revealed that it is practical to hold little and simple decentralized biogas workss to handle OFMSW ( Chanakya et al. , 2009 ) . In another survey, Hessami et Al. ( 1996 ) found that the combination of a vas and low-tech design digestion processes is able to bring forth a digester suited to small-scale applications. The writer proposed the simple digester due to its low building and care cost, every bit good as its high efficiency for small-scale applications ( Hessami et al. , 1996 ) . The benefits of small-scale AD installations were agreed by FOE ( 2007 ) as stated in the ‘Briefing AD ‘ study. It was claimed that small-scale AD workss is executable as it reduces the transit distance and related air pollutions. Furthermore, FOE ( 2007 ) besides pointed out that employment of small-scale AD works is more likely to be acceptable to the local communities compared to larger waste direction installations.3.4 Research purposePlethora of literatures covering with anaerobiotic digestion of assorted solid wastes reflected the broad subject within this country. The broad scope of subjects encompass the car dinal facets of AD viz. dynamicss and mold every bit good as co-digestion with other organic wastes ( Sosnowski et al. 2003 ; El-Mashad & A ; Zhang 2010 ; Panichnumsin et Al. 2010 ) to the feasibleness of large-scale application of the engineering. From the literature reappraisal above, surveies have shown that AD is the preferable waste intervention options presently. Several research workers have reported that nutrient waste is an ideal feedstock for an AD intervention. However therefore far, there is a dearth of feasibleness research on small-scale AD works in residential country. Therefore, in visible radiation of this, the feasibleness of small-scale AD installation in residential country will be investigated in this research.

The eNotes Blog Tableaux Vivants for the 21stCentury

Tableaux Vivants for the 21stCentury â€Å"Portrait of Sylvia Von Harden†Ã‚  remake by Stephan Hoffman SoYeon Kim â€Å"Portrait of Sylvia Von Harden†Ã‚  by Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix Lest we think we, as modern people came up with performance art, here is an idea that is older than our country: the art of Tableaux Vivants. The Oxford English Dictionary defines tableaux vivants as a representation of a person, character, scene, incident, etc., of a well-known painting or statue by one person or a group of persons in suitable costumes or attitudes, silent and motionless.   Such playful, yet at times, serious, art has been around since at least the mid-18th century. The Italian actor Carlo Bertinazzi performed the The Village Betrothal in Los Noces dArlequin by Jean-Baptist Grueze for the court at the Palace of Versailles in 1760. Tableaux vivant actors tried to mimic costume, lighting, and theme in order to delight, educate, and inform. These living paintings were very popular in the early 19th century when the re-creations were moved from lofty venues like palaces to more humble ones, such as the parlors of affluent Americans. Godeys Ladys Book, arguably the most popular and influential magazine of its time, described tableaux vivant as one of the most popular of party activities which also served to engender a love and appreciation for art. Today, actors and artists still seek to create in form what visual artists put to paper. In April, the Adobe corporation challenged students in the UK to create their own tableaux vivant and vie for a 10,000 pound prize. An American website called Booooom wanted to participate in the project and asked Adobe for permission to adopt the idea (though not the prize).   Adobe agreed. Here are just a few of the stunning photographic tableaux vivants. What is truly delightful is the way in which many of the artists do not create a literal homage to the original work, but nevertheless embody its spirit. Check out ALL the entries here (more accepted until 10/21/11)   and more creative events on Boooooms   Facebook page. â€Å"Self Portrait 1889†³Ã‚  remake by Seth Johnson â€Å"Self Portrait 1889†³ by Vincent van Gogh â€Å"Automata† remake by Or Eitan â€Å"Automata† by Edward Hopper â€Å"Narcissus†Ã‚  remake by  Max Zerrahn â€Å"Narcissus†Ã‚  by Caravaggio

Critical Analysis of Crime and Punishment

Critical Analysis of Crime and Punishment Free Online Research Papers Crime and Punishment was like no other book that I have read in a while. The style, plot, settings and especially characters were all completely different and in now way associate with much of the books that I have recently read. Fyodor Dostoyevsky truly reaches the teaching of wrong and right, and how your conscience can break through your mind, such as the main character Raskolnikov. The story line has an investigation of the forces that impel a man toward sin, suffering and grace. This plot has the amazing characteristic of what makes Crime and Punishment a true classic. The books memorable main character, Raskolnikov, makes for a perfect recipe in the book. He is a lonely man living on his own with much debt on his hands. He commits a crime, by murdering a pawn shop lady, in order to get money to pay off all his troubles. But after he commits his crime, he runs off, taking almost nothing from the woman he had purposely killed, except for a long journey of misery. Raskolnikov remained quite, until detectives began to come under his skin as well as his conscience. He could not live in peace anymore until his dirty deed was revealed in order to have peace within himself. This character, as well as many others in the story, remains the focal point of the mysterious conscience of human kind. The plot shows how one can imagine things, or almost go insane if not taken to the honest truth in ones soul. It shows that living a lie can ruin ones health and can result in a complete finish. The main character demonstrates how life in a lie and suffering is the key towards another beginning. Suffering can lead someone into feeling the lost happiness, and the only way it can be found is by suffering. This book named good points in human values and how a troubled character can lead to a new beginning with a new epiphany. Some of the qualities of the book that were favorable was the plot. I enjoyed the style and language and the lessons taught throughout the text. I enjoyed how the storyline was about a mystery that was already revealed in the beginning of the book, but it still kept the audience wanting to learn more about the still mysterious character. Another subject that enchanted me about this book is that it some what relates to Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It is very interesting to learn about a foreign author and bout the troubles in their life that lead to a successful and classic story to literature today. There was one quality that I personally did not like about this book. I did not favor the fact that this book was a translation. It was written well, but sometimes words can get changed, and the whole affect of a caption can be changed just by one single word. Translations cannot always mean the same thing in another language and can change the feeling that an author might have been trying to portray in a certain section of the book. Overall the book was a great read and I do recommend it to any other person whom might like to read about mystery and suspension. The book took different levels of moods and kept me interested throughout the whole time. That multiple characters and situations that were introduced made me want to read more a more in order to discover the true meaning of the main character. Raskolnikov’s feelings and conscience and also his hard work towards happiness made this a good read. The ever changing mood made the plot more interesting chapter by chapter. Also despite the length of the book, it was interesting to read such a unique passage about the human qualities of their conscience and how happiness is only met by truth and honesty. The difference between the good and evil repeats its self all over again to teach a life lesson in Crime and Punishment. Research Papers on Critical Analysis of "Crime and Punishment"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is Art

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Politisc Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Politisc - Research Proposal Example The independent variable is gender, age, level of interest in elections, bases to pick political party, level of trust in British politicians and opinion regarding effectiveness of voting. The questionnaire is to include all of the independent and dependent variables. The answers of the questionnaire are entered in the SPSS processor for statistical analysis. The data obtained from the questionnaire will be a mix of categorical and numerical. The categorical data will be gender, interest in elections, bases to pick party, opinion of effectiveness of voting, party to vote for. This categorical data will be enumerated and encoded in order to reflect the level of intensity of each category. This code is later used in the statistical engine to infer logical assumptions from the data. The numerical data to be used is age and level of trust of the British politicians. From the above table it is evident that the trust level for the British politicians is 4.3 on a scale from zero to ten. The standard deviation is 2.61 indicating that almost 75% of the sample trusts their politicians at a level from 1.7 to 6.9. The following figure demonstrates the distribution of the level of trust among sample tested. An alpha value of .05 is chosen to accept or reject the null hypothesis. The hypothesis to be tested is the level of dependence of the variable vote on the independent variables gender, age, level of interest in elections, bases to pick political party, level of

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Writing and Environment - Essay Example Jared Diamond’s article titled The Last Americans: Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization issues a warning to those living in advanced economies (including the United States) that great civilizations of the past inevitably decline and perish after hitting their peak. He suggests that being complacent currently can lead to irreparable ecological catastrophes in the near future. The article Am I Blue by Alice Walker touches upon an allied concern, namely the issue of animal rights. She suggests that human have for too long exploited animals for their own selfish ends and that this is a symbol of human conflict too. So in order for humans to flourish, they have to start treating animals ethically. All three authors discussed above raise several valid points and their observations validate each other’s arguments. Rachel Carson’s article titled The Obligation to Endure is gives an in-depth analysis of the state of chemical pollution in our environment. Carson asserts that the rate at which new synthetic pollutants are let out into our environment is too fast for life-forms to adopt to and evolve accordingly. As a result our planet is now at a cusp of a fatal disaster. Given the gravity of the issue, Carson does not employ humor or sarcasm. Instead, her prose is of a serious tone, infused with dark irony and earnest imploration. Her appeal to the reader is quite powerful, for it comes at the back of a detailed and factual analytical presentation. One chemical problem that Rachel Carson focuses on is that of the insecticide. This seemingly beneficial device to keep insect pests has caused unforeseen consequences of vast proportions. Insecticides such as DDT, while providing immediate improvement in agricultural productivity, have caused severe collateral damage. For this reason, Carson asserts that

Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Essay Example for Free

Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Essay Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (ni e Godwin; 1797-1851), English novelist, daughter of the British philosopher and novelist William Godwin and the British author and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. Mary was born in London. Her mother died ten days after her birth. Her father had many literary friends, and Marys childhood was populated by such figures as William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In 1812, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Harriet joined their circle. Before Mary was 17, she and Shelley were meeting secretly by her mothers grave in St Pancras churchyard. After Shelleys separation from Harriet in 1814, he and Mary eloped to the Continent. In the eight years before the poets death, the couple lived an unconventional life, moving between Italy, England, and Switzerland, part of a bohemian set that included the poets John Keats and Lord Byron. Harriet Shelleys suicide in December 1816 allowed Mary and Percy to marry. They had four children together, but only one, Percy Florence, survived his parents. The loss of their first child affected Mary profoundly, and seems to have shaped the themes of her first novel, Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus (1818). Mary Shelley conceived this story in 1816, while staying on Lake Geneva as the guest of Byron. According to her introduction to the novel, their host challenged his guests to write a ghost story, and Frankenstein was the product of its authors unusually vivid nightmare. In combining Gothic terrors with extreme physical realism and a basis in the sciences of biology and electricity, Shelley founded the genre of science fiction. The novel is the story of Victor Frankenstein, a medical student who constructs a living being from the remains of dissecting-room corpses. Victors experiments dramatize the morality of the act of creation itself. He explains: I collected bones from charnel- houses; and disturbed, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame. Horrified by the result of his project, Frankenstein abandons the Creature, who wanders the countryside, tormented by his total isolation from humanity. The Creature persuades his creator to construct a second, female being, but Victor dismembers this before it can be brought to life. In revenge, the Creature murders Frankensteins bride. A chase across the world then ensues, Victor determining to pursue the di mon who caused this misery until he or I shall perish in mortal conflict. The Creature, despite his monstrosity, is an intensely tragic figure, and Shelley effects an uncanny merging of its personality with that of Victor, who considers it my own vampire, my own spirit let loose from the grave. A critical and popular success, the book was dedicated to William Godwin. After her husbands death in 1822, Shelley returned to England, where she settled with her son. She was granted a small allowance by her father-in-law, Sir Timothy Shelley, but this was temporarily withdrawn when she published Percy Bysshe Shelleys Posthumous Poems (1824). She spent much time editing and annotating her late husbands work, but, owing to Sir Timothys opposition, she was unable to publish the Poetical Works until 1839. Shelley published five other novels. Valperga (1823) is a romance of 14th-century Italy. The Last Man (1826) is an apocalyptic fantasy in which humanity is destroyed by plague. Set in a republican Britain of the year 2073, it traces the effects of global catastrophe on a small group of characters and their wider environment. The final section of the book sees its narrator, Lionel Verney, living in the ruins of a decimated Rome. The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck (1830) is a historical drama much influenced by the novels of Sir Walter Scott. Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837) are domestic stories with strongly autobiographical elements. Another novel, Mathilda (1819), which tells the story of an incestuous relationship between a father and daughter, remained unpublished until 1959. Financing her sons private education, Mary Shelley continued to write essays and short fiction for periodicals such as the Keepsake. Between 1835 and 1838 she produced a series of scholarly biographies for the Lardners Cabinet Cyclopi dia series. The death of Sir Timothy Shelley in 1844 brought a new-found security to her life, but her closing years were troubled by threats of blackmail from embittered members of the Shelley and Byron families. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.