Promotion of Colgate-Palmolive Essay

Promotion is a communication means the merits of the product and persuade customers to buy it . Promotion has following four distinct elements. Personal selling , Advertising , Sales Promotion,and Public relations which can be used as such or can be used in combination to promote the product . ADVERTISEMENT Colgate primarily used advertisements as its main promotion strategies. Its different products which are designed for different segments are targeted to the audience by highlighting its features. Its common tagline for all products is - ³No1 brand recommended by dentist. ´ SALES PROMOTION As such no promotion is done at retail level except the recommendation by the shopkeeper. But for rural market COLGATE uses VAN (van is a mobile promotion station having facilities for screen show, slide show and mike publicity. PUBLIC RELATIONS PR campaigns were undertaken extensively during the launch of the brand in leading newspapers and magazines, though they were focused more directly on enhancing the image of the parent company in the eyes of stakeholders like shareholders potential investors, etc.that in consumers. Oral Care Special Offers Strong teeth and secure future, with Colgate Your children are your tomorrow. Here’s your chance to ensure that they get the best higher education possible. Stand a chance to win scholarships of up to 1 lakh with the Colgate Scholarship Offer and secure your child’s future. All you have to do is give a missed call on the number printed at the back of the Colgate pack and be eligible for the lucky draw. Hurry! Over 200 scholarships up for grabs. Price of Colgate-Palmolive price is consists of tactical marketing tolls,blemded into an integrated marketing programme that actually delivers the intended value proposition to taeget customer such as : List price , Discount , Allowance , Paymeny period , Credit terms .

Generational Poverty Paper Essay

There are several issues that I have learned about this week. There are several factors that are involved in overcoming generational poverty such as education and relationships. Migrant and seasonal farm workers work very hard but yet live in generational poverty. They face several challenges when working and their families also are at risk in repeating the pattern. I also learned about the challenges that older people face when there is a lack of access to employment. Women also face unique challenges through the different life stages. Generational poverty families are often times large families. The reason why they are so large is because the more people in the family, the more money and the more people there are to take care of aging parents. The parents of these families are usually uneducated and they become intimidated that if their children get educated then they will move away. The fear of their children becoming educated means that they tend to hold their children back from breaking the cycle. When these children get to a certain age, they will drop out and get jobs with low pay. Many children stay with their families and are more prone to getting addicted to drugs. In order to prevent the cycle from continuing it is important that the children of these families become educated. The schools need to develop positive relationships with these children in order for them to be encouraged in continuing their education. In single parent households, the parent most likely will have a low paying job and often work several jobs or hours which impact their ability to provide adequate structure for their children. Many single parents have significant stress just to make ends meet. Generational poverty is also seen in migrant and seasonal workers. Migrant and seasonal workers face several challenges when working out in the fields. Migrant and seasonal farm workers travel throughout the country, they live in temporary housing. The places these workers live in are in areas that they are needed to plant, maintain, and harvest crops. Migrant and seasonal farm workers have one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States. They are  overworked and are often in inclement weather. The ethnicity of the farm workers are mostly Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, Central Americans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans. More than half of the farm workers earn less than $7,500 per year. Because these farm workers must travel, their families travel with them. The ways farm workers impact their children are that because of travel from school to school, it negatively impacts their stability and education. The job of the farm worker is very important of American society because the farm workers are responsible to providing society with food. If it were not for the farm workers, America would not have anything to eat. Although the farm workers job is very important, they do not get the respect that they deserve. Farm workers have many dangers when it comes to working in the fields. Not only do they have dangers when working in the field but their families are also at risk for being exposed to some of the dangers of the farm workers job. Farm workers are exposed to the pesticides that are used to protect the crops from damage. The pesticides poison the farm workers and cause the farm worker to suffer from headaches, skin and eye irritations, nausea, and breathing problems. The farm workers families are also at risk from being exposed to pesticides because the worker carries the pesticides on their clothing. An injury that occurs when working as a migrant and seasonal farm worker is that they get injuries such as musculoskeletal injuries. They are prone to injuries because they are required to do repetitive movements and uncomfortable body positioning. They get carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and back pain. Most of these workers do not seek help right away because they try home remedies and over the counter treatments first because many are undocumented and fear being deported. The ones that do seek medical help often wait until the injury gets worse, which makes it harder to help them feel better. Many of these workers are uneducated and will use their children to help with translating information they need. Sometimes their children will quit school to help their parents financially and will drop out of school to work in the fields. Women face several unique challenges. Two choices that women are faced with are when they get married both they marry men who provide lifetime financial support, and they will be able to prevent destitution at the latter part of their lives. Another choice is that if a woman decides that she wants to get a higher education and establish lifetime careers, along with deciding to get  married and have children, she will be able to prevent lifetime destitution. When women decide to have a career, be a wife, and have children, they often times struggle with balancing family and work. If a woman decides to marry a man who provides lifetime financial support then she must focus on her family and take care of all responsibilities for the family. The aged face several challenges when there is lack of access to employment. In order for a person to retire they must work until they are 67 years old. When they are able to retire the aged my receive Social Security and Medicare. Many of these older people that work for companies have been there many years and tend to be paid higher than a younger person. There is a history of companies that lay off their higher paid workers that are over the age of 50 or they will force these workers to retire early so that they can hire someone younger and pay them less. The majority of the workers that are laid off or forced to retire early, leave companies with no health insurance and must use their savings early. When the aged are laid off and go to find a new job they face active age discrimination from other companies. Many companies see the aged as people who do not have the same energy or the ability to perform the job duties that a younger person can do. When the aged is unable to find a job over 50 years old, they are forced to use their life savings before they expected to and some do not have any savings because they have to support their families. I have changed my perspective on several of the topics that where discussed. I work with older staff and I now understand that ageism happens and it is better to understand what they go through than to discriminate against them. Instead of complaining how slow an older person is, it is important to help them. When an aged person loses their job it becomes extremely difficult for them to find another job because companies discriminate against the aged. Generational poverty is an issue that can be reduced by educating families and building relationships with them in order to encourage these families to continue their education. The reason why some generational poverty families are big is so that the more people there are in the family the more money and the more people there are to take care of the aged. I have also learned about the many unique challenges that women have when it comes to living their life. A woman can chose to get married and let the man support her financially or chose a higher education and a career and raise a family. References Anthony, M. J. (2011). Caring for Migrant Farm Workers on Medical-Surgical Units. MEDSURG Nursing, 20(3), 123-126. Understanding the Depth of Challenges People Face Power Point Presentation Hatch, L. (2005). Gender and Ageism. Generations, 29(3), 19-24

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Essay

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Industries Signs with Harbor Payments for Accounts Receivable Automation - Essay Example Mohawk Industries, Inc. is the leading producer and distributor of carpet, rugs, stone, vinyl, ceramic tile, wood and laminate flooring, and all of the company's products are marketed under the most popular brands in this industry. Since the company has a lot of customers, this agreement is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the company's relations with them, i.e. facilitate the payment processes, as well as receiving and approving invoices and utilizing credits and discounts. Moreover, there will no longer be a need to print and mail checks. The company's officials also hope Harbor Payments system will boost the productiveness of their relations with their dealers, helping the latter be more profitable and efficient. It should not be overlooked, however, that Harbor Payments will obviously benefit from signing the agreement with Mohawk Industries, Inc., too. Mohawk Industries, Inc.'s decision to use the system offered by Harbor Payments will enable them to substitute the expensive and time-consuming process of printing and mailing invoices for delivering them through electronic channels which save both time and money;

The commonest form of contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The commonest form of contract law - Essay Example A court of law usually enforces the contract as long the offeree proves that he posted the letter. For the case of Bella, the letter he posted on 25th September 2006, but arrived on 30th September 2006, the contract to purchase the text book became binding immediately he sent the letter of acceptance. It does not matter that the letter was delayed by the post office. On the issue that since the recommended textbook for the course has changed, and Bella does not wish to buy the textbook, this would not apply. Acceptance one made, it cannot be revoked. The moment Bella expressed his acceptance of an offer, that very moment the contract is concluded, and it does not matter whether the acceptance is by word of mouth or even by writing. On the case of Chu who accepted Arun's offer by telephone, his contract became complete when the acceptance was heard by Arun on 30th September 2006. According to the law of contract, there is an exception to the communication of acceptance. A contact is complete only when acceptance is actually communicated to the offeror. But a contract made by telephone is complete only when the acceptance is heard by the offeror. For this case, Chu should not revoke the acceptance on the basis that the book will not be useful since it is not recommended text book in his course. An acceptance once made, it cannot be revoked. On the case of Dilma, who accepted the offer by email sent on 27th September 2006 but read by Arun on 28th September 2006, the contract became binding immediately the email of acceptance was sent. According to law of contract, there is an exception to the communication of acceptance as acceptance made by cable takes effect from the moment of posting is an exception to the general rule, that a contract is complete only when acceptance is actually communicated to the offeror. For this case, Dilma cannot be able to revoke the acceptance since an acceptance made cannot be revoked. Past Consideration is Sufficient Consideration Although consideration must not be past, there are three exceptions to this rule that past consideration is no consideration. The exceptions to this rule are applicable when:- The past consideration consists of services rendered at the express or on legally implied request of the promissor. A relevant case studied on this concept is that of:- Lampleigh vs. Braithwait In this case B, under death sentence, requested L to obtain King's pardon for him, which he did. B subsequently promised to pay 100 to L, which he failed to pay, and pleaded the defence that his promise was based on past consideration. It was held that as the plaintiff performed services as the express request of the defendant, a subsequent T promise to pay would be binding on him. When a debt, the payment of which is barred by statute of limitations, is revived by a fresh promise in writing for example if a creditor does not demand the repayment of the loan from his debtor within six years of the loan hence he cannot enforce his claim in the court in case the debtor refuses to pay. Lastly in the bill of exchange Act that provides that an antecedent debt or liability on the part of the promisor or drawer of the

International Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Marketing Assignment - Essay Example Most of the investors who invest in business in Indonesia must have the authorization from the senior governmental officers hence proper plans should be made by the business top management bodies to familiarize the senior government official of the detailed information about the business and its intentions to Venter to the countries market. On the other hand, the company also should put in to place the proper measures to enhance promotion. This is the process through which awareness is created to the people and every person in the target market are familiarized with what is being offered by the company. By being present in most mainstream malls, which are major interacting places for teenagers is in itself, a critical strategy to be a dominant force in the teens’ market. Furthermore, they are intensely tottering on luxury and casual wear by offering higher prices but fall short of the ones demanded by the designer’s1. As a result, this strategy has allowed the company to market to a wide array of social classes. Even though they are very specific on age, appropriateness their target of class is not hence promotion play a major role in ensuring the company maintains completion and that people know its products. In summary, therefore when it comes to getting into, capturing and penetrating a new market especially in foreign countries, businesses usually find it challenging and difficult. For Abercrombie and Fitch to succeed in the Indonesian market it will have to do the following:- Market Segmentation is defined as the process of separating a market into direct groups of consumers who may need separate products. There are numerous bases for segmenting the market; they are psychographic, geographic and demographic variables2. A Psychographic criterion is defined as the process that considers both psychological and sociological information. Psychological nature entails attitude, motivations, and personality. Sociological

Marketing high street fashions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing high street fashions - Essay Example In the past, high end retailers like those commonly found on High Street in London used to segment their most relevant customers by needs and lifestyle, along with resource availability depending on their social class. However, with rising competition from fast fashion, lower-end retailers acting like high-end fashion retailers, this philosophy has changed. Western models of segmentation such as the VALS2 Network which describes eight different lifestyle and resource tendencies of key markets are not as effective as they once were. This model describes active lifestyles versus more sedentary buyers with traditionalist values, as two examples, in order to help marketers identify with key needs, values and attitudes (Boone & Kurtz 2007). However, the current recession is changing even the buying behaviours of the most elite of customers who are looking for more value in their fashion purchases. Banister & Hogg (2004) identify that self-esteem has been one of the most important motivators for the consumption of symbolic goods, including fashion. Self-esteem, as related to high end fashion merchandise, involves how a consumer feels about the enhancements that fashion clothing adds to their lifestyle or image that directly impacts their final decision to select key branded merchandise. Self-esteem is also comparative to others in society, their own reference groups such as peers and celebrities, that provides the motivation to make high-dollar purchases in order to fit their own mould of what constitutes success and wealth. However, understanding what drives trend-based self-esteem requires a significant investment in primary research, such as the use of questionnaires and surveys, and the information is not beneficial over the long-term due to changing values and social conditions. Companies that are finding themselves with strapped and tight budgets do not have the resource s or the labour investment to conduct complicated psychologically-based primary studies consistently and must find new methods to target and segment their key customers most likely to make purchases and be loyal to the brand. Therefore, segmentation in high-end fashion retailers occurs differently today, amidst a difficult economy with rising competition globally. Geographic segmentation occurs regularly, especially for high-street retailers with a great deal of their support coming from local consumers in the London region with adequate resources to make purchases or those unaffected by the difficult economic conditions plaguing European countries. This is rather straight-forward for many fashion companies as it helps divide catalogue distribution and ensure that the right customers receive this literature to promote products. Today, primarily, marketers use psychographic segmentation strategies to understand buyer behaviour and gain presence in key markets they have

The Importance of Integrity and Professionalism in Nursing Essay

The Importance of Integrity and Professionalism in Nursing - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the idea of dignity is also present in the nursing code of ethics given by the ANA which demands a respect for human dignity that can only come through being professional when a nurse approaches his/her profession. This concept of an inherent dignity of a human being who deserves to be treated with integrity is certainly not a new one since the time of ancient philosophers, it was accepted that human beings are endowed with special qualities that have set them apart and make them different from other living things.This discussion highlights that  thus human beings and the individuals under the care of the nurse have to be treated in a professional manner and when it comes to recent development in nursing, one of the key elements of professionalism and integrity appears to be confidentiality. This is because the assurance of confidentiality promotes and strengthens the integrity of the relationship between nurses and patients and this in turn prom otes patient care and recovery. The principle of respect concerning the autonomy of the patient is an acknowledgement of the right of the patient to have control over his/her information. This includes the right to decide who has access to his or her personal information and it is the responsibility of caregivers to make sure that this right is not violated.  Professionalism and integrity also teach nurses the idea of their duty and the ethical guidelines given by the ANA show us that the first duty of the nurse is towards the patient.  

Guilds Contribution in the Feudal Society Research Paper

Guilds Contribution in the Feudal Society - Research Paper Example In general, a feudal society incorporated the obligations of the clergy, the nobility, and the peasantry who were governed by manorialism system. Various discussions have revolved around historians based on the role it played in the formation of the medieval society (Heilbroner & Milberg, 2012). This paper will explore the functions, roles, and rationale for the guild in the feudal society to determine whether it can be considered a precursor to industrial manufacturing and as a basis for capital accumulation. In the feudal society, some of the greatest contributors in the system were the guilds. The guilds played a vital role in the political and social structure of the feudal society. They were considered a vital element during the middle ages. The feudal system encouraged individuals to become members of the guild since membership to the group would help them acquire a higher social position in the society. Individuals who became guild members realized several benefits unlike in the case of those who were not. Every guild either served as a type of merchant or crafts guild. The term guild originated from the word ‘gilden,’ which meant ‘paying.’ The guild members subscribed to their particular guilds in order to be considered active in the groups (Heilbroner & Milberg, 2012). The feudal society became dominant in Europe when the Roman Empire collapsed. The knights, barons as well as other nobility members taxed and took rent from peasants and serfs in their jurisdiction. To help them avoid excessive taxation, as well as avoid the various forms of tyrannical situations they were subjected to, ordinary men deemed it necessary to gather and give their opinions together since no individual had sufficient power to oppose the feudalistic system (Heilbroner & Milberg, 2012).

How temperature affects resistance on a piece of wire Essay Example for Free

How temperature affects resistance on a piece of wire Essay Graph: When I come to collect my results I will need to plot a graph, I shall plot temperature (i C) along the X-Axis and Resistance (? ) along the Y-Axis Safety: To keep my experiment safe I need to be safe around the kettle, to do this I will wear goggles to avoid hot water splattering into my face, make sure I have a decent sized work area so no-one knocks the kettle over. I will keep the batteries away from the water to keep them from short circuiting. Method: 1. Get a piece of enameled copper wire and cut it to a length of 10m using wire cutters. 2. Strip the enamel of each end with wet and dry paper 3. Check a current runs through the wire 4. Assemble the circuit as per the circuit diagram 5. Get ice in the water and lower the temperature as low as possible, take the first reading 6. Add hot water and take readings up until 100 i C (if possible) 7. Repeat the experiment after disassembling it and using new leads, multi meters, crocodile clips etc. Conclusion: The graph displays a strong linear correlation which is directly proportional: the higher the temperature, the higher the resistance. This is because as the temperature increases the atoms gain more energy meaning they vibrate more which leads to the atoms crystal lattice absorbing electrons thus making it harder for electrons to travel through the copper wire. The gradient of the line of best fit (on the hand drawn graph) is 1. 07645 this tells us that equation of the line is: y = 1. 07645x +c (the intercept) My data shows me that the data could support a few lines of best fit, I have used excel to plot a scatter graph using the mean from all 3 sets of data and have used a logarithmic trend line which is obviously far better than just drawing one The equation for this trend line is: Y = 0. 0203x + 5. 0224 The Equation for my trend line (on my hand drawn graph) is: Y= 0. 025036 This tells us that mine is probably a bit too steep compared to the one on the computer. The error bars are quite large, this tells us that my recordings were not very accurate or each time I changed the equipment the resistance in the wires etc varied a lot (I believe this to be the case). However for each set of data the differences between temperatures seem to be quite similar so I believe my method was quite reliable. I plotted a line graph on excel, for each line the data was 1 set of results, I wanted to see how the equations differed. This gave me a good idea of how reliable the results were. 1st set of data: y = 0. 0204x + 5. 0838 2nd set of data: y = 0. 0207x + 4. 976 3rd set of data: y = 0. 02x + 5. 0074 The gradients are very similar to each other and are only a couple of decimal places off each other. This shows that the repeats were very reliable. The intercepts are quite close to each other, not as near as the gradients but pretty good thus meaning the measurements were precise. Evaluation: The equipment I used is only accurate to a certain degree and higher precision and accurate equipment could be obtained but obviously this is not available to me. A water bath for getting the temperature spot on would of increased precision of the readings. A more expensive multimeter would probably be more accurate in its reading due to its better calibration. The techniques I used allow for precise results however I think the enamel on the copper wire needs to be fully removed to the point where the wire has zero enamel on it as it might affect resistance; to do this I could use a Bunsen to burn it all off. My graphs show me the error bars are quite large in places and small in others, this means that my results have not been very precise in the middle range of the graph, at the 2 extremities the range bars are very small and precise. I believe there is an anomalous result at the 80 i C Result it seems to be very off from the rest of the results, none of the range bars are even on the line. With better experiment technique and better equipment Im sure that the results would be much more precise. It would be interesting to cool the copper wire to its critical temperature thus demonstrating superconductivity. Unfortunately copper is not a superconductor this is because copper electrons cannot cooper pair because coppers tightly packed lattice constrains the vibrations needed for cooper pairing to take place. These characteristics are also displayed in gold and silver. According to the trend line calculated from the means copper would be no conductivity at -247i C it would be interesting to test to see if there is any resistance at this temperature adding this to a the graph. I think it would have been better to have a larger range of results so maybe 100i. C to 100i C using liquid nitrogen to cool it down to that temperature. This would be at 20i C increments. I am quite confident in saying that my conclusion is accurate in the point that it declares that resistance is affected by temperature in a directly proportional way. The precision of my instruments makes me doubt the exact measurements I have taken, the thermometer is accurate to i 1i C. The multimeter is accurate to i 1mA however I highly doubt its precision (i. e. its not calibrated accurately).

Jurlique Manufactures And Retails Marketing Essay

Jurlique Manufactures And Retails Marketing Essay Profile Founded in South Australia by a chemist and a horticulturalist in 1985, Jurlique manufactures and retails the purest, most powerful skin care products. The organic and biodynamic farm system, which was built to harvest materials for manufacture products, offers the advantages of providing nature, fresh and sustainable ingredients of products. All kind of skin care products including body care, shampoo, shower gel and essential oil with four fragrances, namely: rose, lavender, citrus and jasmine are available. Jurlique has expanded to over 20 countries. They insist to manufacture products through eco-friendly process and regularly attend activities of environmental protection. (Jurlique 2012) Mission Manufacture purest products which are made of completely organic and biodynamic materials without any chemical added. (Jurlique 2012) Company Positioning Jurlique offers pure and harmless products to help skin become more beautiful with affordable price. Customers will be impressed with the high quality of products and fresh fragrance. SWOT Analysis 2.4.1 Strengths With own organic farmland, sources of materials are sustainable to maintain stable product line.   (Adriana Noton n.d.) Products, which made from natural ingredients, are harmless to health with high skin care efficiency. Jurlique has worldwide presence in Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America and South America. (Jurlique 2012) Good reputation due to the contribution of environmental protection. The products are suitable to sensitive skin with hypoallergenic ingredients. (Adriana Noton n.d.) 2.4.2 Weaknesses Lack of differentiation from other competitors. 2.4.3 Opportunity As organic products are emphasized recently, customers tend to buy nature products which are not harmful to health. The brand awareness has been enhanced in Australia. Customers gradually find out the marvellous efficiency of using natural products. (Adriana Noton n.d.) 2.4.4 Threats There are a lot of competitors such as LOCCITANE, The Body Shop and Aesop, etc. More and more pretenders try to produce similar products and pronounce the same advantage of organic ingredients. (Adriana Noton n.d.) Advertising Objective 3.1. The immediate sales 1. Trying to grab the floating profits like impulse or unplanned purchase.   Ã‚  Ã‚   2. Fulfilling the sales function by represent the new product for existing   Ã‚  Ã‚  consumers who have built the brand loyalty already. 3. To remind the consumer to purchase this new product. 3. 2. The short-term goal 1. This advertising campaign would reinforce the original brand image by market extension. 2. It also would enhance the product exposure frequency to strengthen the brand or product recognition and popularity which lead to repeat purchase. 3. The campaign advocates the green, organic, healthy life style rather than a single perfume brand. 3.3. The long-round aims. 1. Make the consumers add the whole bunch of reliance credits in our brand equity account. 2. Trying to generate the new demands in existing market and get more market shares in this niche market. 3. Increasing the wide acceptance of our brand. Target Market Segmentation 4.1.1 Geographic- This new product-Essential oil perfume will be firstly launched in Australia where is the birthplace of Jurlique. We will run this product in flagship store of Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth where have a large amount of population and potential opportunity to promote it. 4.1.2 Demographic- The target market will focus on females whose ages from 20 to 35 years old due to the fact that they have the most powerful ability of purchase. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011), there is the highest population of female in the age level of 20 to 35. 4.1.3 Psychographic- Following the changes in the whole world, the concept of most people has been changed. Especially, people are taking notice of the ingredients of cosmetics. Hence, they do gradually keen on the natural, eco-friendly and organic product. 4.1.4 Socioeconomic- The target market focuses on university students and office ladies, hence, their income level may be low and middle. The average salary of white- collar workers is from 2500 to 5000 Australian dollars (Australia Average Salary Expenditure 2005). buying situation The products are appealed by females who value the protection of their body and health. Also, in current society, most people pay attention on environmental preservation. Hence, they prefer to purchase and search for nature-oriented products which would reduce the harms of human beings and environment. Target Audience The product of essential oil perfume is concentrated on the group of graduated students and office ladies (white collar workers) whose need the durable fragrance to reveal their temperament in every occasion. The majority of Jurlique customers will be women who start caring their skin and beauty. Hence, most products produced by Jurlique are designed with women in mind including perfume, body crà ¨me and lotion which protect womens skin. However, it is clear that women prefer having fragrance all day long. Therefore, it is a chance to do the research and development of oil perfume which have the efficacy of perdurability. Further, the consumption of cosmetic products has rapidly increased during festival time, such as Christmas, Mothers day, and Valentines Day. These women who purchase Jurlique products are between 20 to 35 years old. Product Positioning It is positioned on the aspect of slow fashion which emphasizes nature, eco-awareness, and health. The perspective of Jurliques essential oil perfumes is that the firm integrates the functional advantages of essential oils with our main scents which include jasmine, rose, lavender and citrus. Essential oil could assist customer in refreshing their mind, releasing their pressure and relaxing, also our new perfume would help females enhance their charm and self-confidence. Moreover, the ingredients of the essential oil perfumes are nature without chemical elements. Therefore, the new product would not injure customers body and health. Competitors 4.5.1 Competitive advantage Compared to Jurliques competitors, such as Loccitane and Aesop, they have similar philosophy and the same product categories. However, the new product of Jurlique could be distinguished from others, because our new product involves natural essential oils. In addition to this, the product of essential oil perfume has never been developed in the two firms of Loccitane and Aesop yet. Thus, this would have a high attraction on female market. Creative Message Strategy Theme The communication objectives As this oil perfume is a new product, the most important objectives are to enhance the customer awareness of the product, and impressed them by the first advertising. The product knowledge of nature and harmless ingredient can be conveyed in advertising. To stimulate the buying behavior by this creative advertising. Customer insight Customers gradually concern about nature and healthy ingredients of products, especially in food and those using for skin care. Message (à ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ©Ã‚ »Ã… ¾) Different from other women perfume advertising which emphasizes the appeal for men, Jurlique advertisement will focus on the distinctive features which are less harmful and helpful to relax with fresh fragrance to attract women who concern about the harmless ingredient of products and those who are under stress. Look and Style Appeals Media Objective 1. Reach 80% of the target audience at least 3.2 per three month. 2. Use selected media to provide coverage of approximately 40% of target audiences per month. 3. Design to launch the advertising on holiday period and four seasons. Media reach and frequency The major objective of the advertising is that provides the information of a new campaign to existing consumers and appeal a great number of potential target audiences through selected media. Also, Jurlique is established and well-known brand in Australia. Thus, low-frequency strategy and high-reach strategy are appropriate for the campaign, based on Wells et al. (2011), high-reach strategy and low-frequency strategy could be used to launch a new product with notable brand in order to deliver reminder and simple messages. In order to calculate effective frequency, the company use Ostrow frequency model, because Telmar (2010) reported that the goal of Ostrow model is setting up minimum effective frequency level to maximise reach level. Therefore, the lowest frequency of the campaign is 3.2. Besides, according to three selected media, Jurlique assumes that the campaign would catch about 40% of potential customers each month when the advertising launching, so the coverage is around 40%. Marketing Factors That Affect Effective Frequency Established brands -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 New brands High market share -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Low market share Dominant brand in market -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Smaller, less well-known brands High brand loyalty -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Low brand loyalty Long purchase cycle -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Short purchase cycle(high volume segments) Product used occasionally -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Product used daily -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Needed to beat competition -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Advertising to older consumers, or children Copy Factors That Affect Effective Frequency Simple copy -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Complex copy Copy more unusual than competition -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Copy less unusual than competition Continuing campaign -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 New copy campaign Product sell copy -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Image type copy Single king of message -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 More different kinds of messages To avoid wear out: New message -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Older messages Larger ad units -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Small ad units Media Factors That Affect Effective Frequency Lower ad clutter -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 High ad clutter Compatible editorial environment -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Incompatible environment Attentiveness high -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Attentiveness low Continuous advertising -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Pulsed or flighted advertising Few media used -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Many media used Opportunities for media repetition -.2 -.1 + .1 + .2 Fewer opportunities -.25 + -.13 + +.13 + +.26 = +.2 .2+ 3.0(Effective frequency base) = 3.2 (Modified effective frequency level) Media Selection 6.2.1 Television Nowadays, although the rapidly rise of social network advertising, the TV advertising is still regarded as the dominant form of media advertising, since it have several advantages which would not be easily replaced like large usage rate of TV , at least few hours occupation per person daily as well as the high reaching rate for different groups of audiences. According to responeseAbility Consumer Research (2001), there 52% of female purchase decisions would like to be affected by TV Advertising in Australia. Also, the target market of Jurlique are females whose ages from 20 to 35, as a result, TV advertising would be the most direct way for product exposure. Meanwhile, it could deliver the message combine audio and video at meantime which could stimulate people, especially for female, to generate advertising appeals or evoke the subconscious possessive willing by using ideal scenario to cater their perception (Fah Foon 2011). 6.2.2 Magazine According to Belch et al. (2012), magazines are a kind of media, which focus on specific target audiences. Also, Wells et al. (2011) stated that the percentage of females titles in the magazine market stands at about 65%. Thus, Jurlique would use this medium to publish its new advertising. In Australia, there are a variety of magazines for females. Jurlique is likely to promote its new perfumes advertising through three womens magazines such as Australian Womens Weekly, Marie Claire as well as Cosmopolitan, because the circulation and readership of these magazines in Australia are approximately above 100,000 and 400,000, and their target consumers age are between 18 and 55 (ACP Magazines, 2012 Pacific Magazines, 2012). As a result, the campaign in these magazines can be easily to catch particular customers of Jurliques fragrance. 6.2.3 Facebook The advantages of social network Due to the vast number of users, social network advertising can easily convey to those used the internet. The cost of social network advertising is significantly lower than other forms of advertising. The messages spread in social network are seen to be more reliable as they are shared by our friends rather than companies Social network create a route for customers to communicate directly to companies, as a result, the brand awareness and loyalty could be enhanced. (Socialolio 2012) Selection of Social network To compare the most popular social network Facebook and Twitter, we find out the age group of Facebook users (25-34) are closer to the target market of Jurlique perfume (Socialbakers 2012)(Alana Jessica Ward 2012). Besides, Facebook profiles can contain more detail than Twitter (ListsHere.com n.d.). What is more, Facebook allows company to provide photos, videos and longer descriptions. Consequently, Facebook fan page is more desirable to advertise the new products of Jurlique. Cost Free to create fan pages as well as post any information there . Reach rate The amount of fans of Jurlique AU is 16248. (Jurlique Australia 2012) According to the research, one Facebook post reach 12% of fans. (Josh Constine, 2012) The average fans which liked the posts from Jurlique fan page is 30. (Jurlique Australia 2012) The average amount of friends of Facebook users is 229. (Bianca Bosker, 2011) 16248ÃÆ'-12%+30ÃÆ'-229ÃÆ'-12%=1949.76+824.4=2774.16à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 2774 people One post could be seen by around 2774 people Scheduling We divide the product of oil perfume into four flavours to match four seasons. Thus, the product of oil perfume which is for spring season will be initially launched on the beginning of September through mass media which include magazine, television and Facebook from 1 September until the middle of September. After the time, the media of magazine and television will be paused until 15 November, but Facebook will still run all the year. Further, owing to the fact that Christmas day is on 25 December, the advertising of new fragrant perfume which is fit for summer season will be promoted from 16 November within three of mass media above until the end of December. Besides, December is a big sales month for Australian. Nevertheless, advertising period must be continued in one month. Furthermore, 14 Feb is Valentines day, as a result oil perfume with another new flavour will be popularized two weeks ago to match autumn. In addition to this, the mass media of magazine and television will b e carried out again. Moreover, sending perfume as a gift to mother will be a good choice. Hence, before Mothers day, the product will publish new scent for winter and this special day. Scheduling Year 2012 Month Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ Magazine Television Facebook season spring summer Holiday Christmas Special Big Sales new spring new summer Scheduling Year 2013 Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Day ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ ~15 16~ Magazine Television Facebook season summer fall winter Holiday Valentine Mum Special Big Sales à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ new summer new fall new winter Estimation of Cost Evaluation of performance For this new product-Oil Perfume, marketing team will carry out an available measuring research of its media campaign to rough execution to testing the final version before implementing, while this activity is running and once the campaign gets to its end. Jurlique is a successful company and has been established for a long time. Hence, Jurlique wants to enhance the business and be able to correct any mistakes, such as cost, on time, also increasing the efficiency of integrated marketing communication and making sure it takes the right media decisions by evaluating the campaign. (Belch, et al., 2009) Pretesting: June to August 2012 Testing positioning, image and brand identity: Jurlique would assess its new campaign concept on selected media. This could help it to understand that the messages in terms of positioning and image of advertising that Jurlique intend to launch are realized by its specific target audiences. Concept testing: At this stage, Jurlique want to evaluate the characteristics (namely slogans) of the advertising in customers mind. According to peoples feedbacks, the advertising team of Jurlique needs to make sure that how well the advertising will perform. How: Jurlique use online survey and focus group to investigate customers imagination and responses to its new campaign. Concurrent: September 2012 to August 2013 (campaign running) In the campaign process, con-current testing will keep working all year to obtain detail information of each stage and all relevant messages will not miss for marketing team. Image, effectiveness and awareness: While the campaign is launched by TV, magazines as well as Facebook, concurrent evaluation may help Jurlique to comprehend the advertising run correctly or not and obtain feedbacks from customers who saw the campaign. If the advertising is not working correctly, the advertising team can deal with it immediately. How: Coincidental survey- Jurlique use online questionnaires and random calling in order to realize what messages customers receive and get responses from them. Thus, Jurlique can obtain qualitative and quantitative information. Impact on sales: During this advertising campaign starts running, the marketing team will study its sales to track the influence of this new product. The purchased proportion will be studied in detail. How: Measuring the differential impact of different budget sizes, and the effects of brand or corporate image by tracking with the general sales statistical study. (Belch, et al., 2009) Concurrent: September 2012 to August 2013 (campaign running) When the campaign comes to the end around September to November, the marketing team will assess its final result in order to figure out whether the set objectives were reached or not. Post-testing not only identify what was doing best, but also serve as input into the future campaign planning. (Belch, et al., 2009) Impact on sales: While the advertising campaign is ended, marketing team will estimate its sales volume and analyze its profitability. In addition, they will judge specific aspects of the advertisement which provides the most efficiency to this new product. (Belch, et al., 2009) How: Comparing the used media tools and the sales statistical studies to determine how the advertising contributes to brand equity and how to optimize effectiveness. (Belch, et al., 2009) Attitudes and persuasion-Commercial reaction: Reference

The disadvantages of homeschooling

The disadvantages of homeschooling Abstract This report attempts to provide a perspective on the disadvantages of homeschooling. Homeschooling has become a controversial issue in recent years. Homeschooling opponents opine that it is not an alternative pathway for education alongside the standard public educational system because there are still many flaws existing in this system. Homeschooling is not an effective approach to provide children with education due to scarcities of qualified educators, homeschooled children unable to well-develop their social life as well as parents have to invest massive time and dedication. Parents act as arbitrator in their childrens education. They hope that through homeschooling they can convey the message they want to for their children. In reality, homeschooling is not as easy as they think. It takes decades to judge the success of their choice. Therefore, homeschooling is a high risk venture. Many disadvantages are worth searching for. 1.0 Introduction Homeschooling experienced a renaissance during 1970s and 80s when a few parents questioned whether existing private schools or public educational system were a right choice for their children. They wondered if they might be capable to do better than the existing system. Parents realized that they could do better job. Consequently, they told their friends about the benefit of homeschooling and their friends spread the news gradually. As a result, this was the first step to the proliferation of homeschooling. However, the baby steps of homeschooling were rocky. In the early stages, homeschooling was prohibited by legislators. Many homeschooling parents were taken to court. They faced risks of being arrested and their children might be removed from their home. Nonetheless, there were parents who insisted to homeschool their children. They struggled with the court battles. In the past, very few curriculum suppliers sold the materials and resources required to homeschoolers. The only way to continue their fight was to craft their own curricula and do more research. They continued teaching quietly and let their childrens achievements prove the critics incorrect (youcanhomeschool.org, 2010). According to Ray (2002), there are approximately 1.6-2.0 million children being taught under homeschooling by their parents. Homeschooled families grow at estimated rate of 7-15 percent per year. According to the statistics of HSLDA (2010), the main reason parents choose homeschooling is religious conviction, which is about 49%; 15% agree that homeschooling can provide a positive social environment; 14% are for academic excellence; 12% choose homeschooling because of their childrens specific needs; and 5% are for flexibility and curriculum choice. Even though proponents of homeschooling claim that there are many benefits, the question still exists; do you agree that homeschooling is disadvantageous? Homeschooling is not an effective approach to provide children with education because homeschooling lacks qualified educators; parents are required to invest massive amounts of time as well as dedication and homeschooled children will face social difficulties in their future. This report is mainly focused on the disadvantages of homeschooling. The reasons why homeschooling is not a right choice are listed in this report. The statistics and data are mainly come from United State. The comments of organization and personal views are put into the report to show the reality of homeschooling.Body Content 2.0 Homeschooling lacks qualified educators According to Koonar (2006), many statistics have shown that many homeschooling endeavors failed to achieve the target and objective due to the scarcity of qualified educators. Parents choose homeschooling instead of public education because they believe that teachers have to teach 15 to 35 students in a class, hence, they cannot pay one-on-one attention to each child. In fact, certified educators have attended relative teaching classes and they have passed the state examination in order to obtain their teaching certificates. They are more experienced and have a deeper understanding of the children. They possess systematic teaching skills to convey the concept and knowledge to the children. Certified educators can fulfill the various learning requirement of each children and they can comprehend how to handle children with diverse behaviors. In contrast, parents who lack instructional skills are unable to express well what they want to give to their children. If an educator cannot expr ess her ideas to words, how can the learner absorb the essence of teaching? Children will lose interest in learning. Parents who simply put their children in a room with lots of books will definitely result in the failure of homeschooling. As a result, parents will gradually lose confidence towards homeschooling. They feel guilty if their children cannot achieve the academic target they set up. It is crucial to help children build up interest and curiosity in learning. Standard curriculum can help children to develop this interest. 2.1 People do not have faith in homeschooling According to Allison (n.d.), a number of people do not believe in home schoolings academic quality because it does not follow the standard curriculum. The standard curriculum focuses on an omnibus of personal development. They are being taught discipline, communication and time management since young. Whole aspects including positive characteristic build-ups are covered. Children can follow the pace of their peers and they do not isolate from them. In contrary, homeschooling children set their own pace and they are more likely to concentrate only on specific areas that they are interested in. Unlike the standard curriculum, homeschooling is unable to provide comprehensive development. Also, positive values are not instilled in the core of their hearts since they are young. Hence, home schoolings academic is not comparable to standard curriculum. Some home schooled children are required to take additional tests to ensure that they are academically ready to enroll in college or univers ity. People are still in doubt regarding home schoolings academic quality because the curriculum is not certified by authorities. Homeschooling advocates claim that they can prepare the course that is suitable for their children. Parents are given the absolute authority to guide their childrens education, ranging from schedules, curriculum and also the development that they want to pass on to their children. However, parents are not capable of delivering the knowledge effectively. According to HomeSchoolingExplained (n.d.), parents need to do more research to teach more effectively. More research is able to expose parents to the proper methods of teaching their children better. According to Williams (2007), at the beginning of homeschooling education, parents do not encounter difficulties in teaching. Conversely, as children get older, preparations get harder. The task is easier when children are young. They need to do more researches in order to teach lessons. Such a situation causes the parents physical and emotional burdens. Parents will feel more stress in preparing lessons. 3.0 Social problems among homeschooled children Homeschooled children do not posses well-developed social skills as they are not exposed to different types of people. According to HomeSchoolingExplained (n.d.), they would not have the same social life with children who went to school. Children who are under the standard curriculum are provided with the benefit of socialization. They are exposed to a wide range of perspectives and ideas because their classmates come from different background and personal beliefs. This can provide inspiration to them so that they are stimulated to think and criticize positively. Homeschooling noticeably decreases the chance for children to communicate with other children in a learning atmosphere. Even though home schooled children have siblings to interact with, this situation is still not enough to fully develop their social skills. According to Hegarty (n.d.), home schooled children are not comfortable when people are around them, excluding their family members. They will not hang out with others because they lack interaction skills. Besides that, according to Williams (2007), although home schooled children have friends, they are not as bonded because they seldom meet and mix together. They are lonely as they are confined in their homes and they cannot share their happiness and sadness with their friends. Homeschooled children face many social problems; they cannot interact with different groups of people properly and this will detrimentally affect their future life. 3.1 Freedom of children are abstained According to Allison (n.d.), homeschooled children would not enjoy their childhood because their freedom is constrained by their parents. There are many other things they have to learn through experience and it cannot be taught through educational settings. For example, by exploring nature, children are able to understand more about the relationship between living and non-living organisms. Even if homeschooled children have the opportunity to enjoy the outdoors, their time is limited and it is dependent upon their parents. In contrast, children who attend school are more likely to come into contact with many new things; this is important to sate their curiosity and stimulate their mind. All knowledge and discovery must only be done through personal experience. Some homeschooled parents argue that their children will not face the sociability dilemma. However, for those who are home educated for long periods of time and eventually made a decision to attend school are found to be lacking in social skills. According to Allison (n.d.), as they are exposed to social environments such as working or entering a college/ university, they experience physiological problems that mainly result from communication. They are cooped up at home and seldom interact with others; once they are around people, they will feel scared and uncomfortable as they do not know how to handle the situation. They are forced to adapt to a new social environment that they never experience before. It is difficult for them to manage the circumstance that they have never encountered before. So physiological problems will arise and lead to a lot of troubles. 4.0 Time commitment and dedication According to Koonar (2006), homeschooling is a procedure that entails a massive amount of dedication and time. Homeschooled children require parental supervision in order to motivate them towards academic excellence. Hence, parents need to spend a large part of the day with their children. The key success in the home schooling process is constant parental control. Kids are kids; they cannot do by themselves in their studies without parental supervision. Parents have to keep astride with their children. Moreover, according to AllAboutParenting.org (n.d.), parents require time to organize outdoor activities and field trips, prepare and instruct lessons, and seize the chance for their children to nurture their social skills. Homeschooled communities often schedule weekly or monthly gatherings with each other for that purpose. Parents have to manage their time well and be diligent and active in such communicative activities. Hence, parents will not have much time left for doing other thi ngs. Furthermore, parents have to discover and develop their own hobbies and interest. These activities are not easy tasks. Unlike trained educators, they have experience assisting children in finding out their interests. Since most of the time is used for homeschooling, parents do not have the luxury to relax and enjoy. They suffocate because of homeschooling. 4.1 Additional financial burden Either one of the parents is forced to give up his/her full-time job for homeschooling. There are additional costs for purchasing the curriculum needed. This includes the cost of materials for projects, field trips, computer softwares and other resources. Each child needs approximately $400 each month to sustain his/her study. For those families that rely on two earnings, this can be a serious disadvantage. This may put stress on parents who are both breadwinners of the family. Homeschooled communities cooperate together to organize activities such as Scouts, learn side-by-side, sport teams, 4-H clubs and dance classes so that children can socialize with other children. However, these are costly, so they are additional financial burdens for the family. Homeschooling supporters opine that the home educated children have close-knit family relationship as children spend most of the time with their family. However, the fact is there are conflict between parents and children due to their different personalities and opinion. According to AllAboutParenting.org (n.d.), homeschooled children may have the desire to attend school. They wonder what they are missing out compared with their peers. Their desires will become more intense when parents are not active in involving their children in outdoor activities. At this time, parents who are committed in homeschooling programs will feel challenged. Children will fall out with their parents as they have different point of view. Furthermore, children clash with their parents because they have different personalities. According to Williams (2007), parents and children have different personalities, leading to squabbles. Children require doing their matters in their own way. They do not want to foll ow the words of the parents and parents will feel disappointed. 5.0 Recommendation When people approach this issue, they must examine and investigate both sides. Homeschooling has both its pros and cons. Therefore, it should be addressed in the best possible manner. These scope of these recommendations are confined to Malaysia to handle the issue of homeschooling within the currently population residing here Firstly, to tackle the problem of parents thinking they are able to educate their children better, higher authorities should ban homeschooling by further enforcing the law. Children by the age of 7 onwards must be made compulsory to attend schools no matter it be private or national. Parents who do not adhere to this will be convicted and be brought to court to have this matter settled. Mandatory fines should also be issued should this law be opposed. In addition to the law, schools should increase the number of qualified teachers. Training programs and workshops can be inducted and reinforced to conform to the needs and requirements of current students, and thus should be made compulsory to be attended by teachers. Aside from that, the curriculum of schools should be improved upon to keep up with the pace of education in the world. Syllabus of subjects being taught must be constantly updated in regards to the amount of new knowledge being churned out every single day. Homeschooling can be banned if the ways suggested as above are strictly operated. 6.0 Conclusion Homeschooling is not an ideal choice to educate children. Even though it provides alternative option to the standard educational method, this system is not complete and poses a lot of imperfections. Parents are not well-trained educator so they are unable express well what they want to give to their children. Due to this fact, people do not have faith in homeschooling because it cannot provide comprehensive development to their children. Homeschooled children do not interact with a wide range of people. If a child is deficient in social experiences, they will definitely encounter dilemmas once they continue studying in higher education institution or strive for their career. Their social circle is small and they will face psychology problems as they interact with people. Their freedoms are abstained as well. Furthermore, parents have to invest great amount of time to supervise their childrens education. Parents who are both breadwinner are forced to give up his/her career in order to tutor their children. As a result, the family will face financial difficulty. Parents have difficulty predicting what the result of homeschooling will be. It takes decades to judge the success of their choice. If their choice is a mistake, they cannot return back and start all over again. The consequences are dire; it will affect the childrens growth and future. Parents must take responsibilities and are blamed by their children. Their childrens future is in the hands of their parents. As arbitrators, parents should choose the safest option that is the traditional educational system instead of homeschooling. In a nutshell, homeschooling is not suitable for children. Bibliography: All About Parenting.org (n.d.), Disadvantages of Homeschooling, allaboutparenting, viewed on 10 February 2010, > Allison, L. (n.d), Homeschooling Advantages and Disadvantages, Ezine Articles, viewed on 7 February 2010, Hegarty, P. (n.d.), Schooling Pros and Cons -Learn about Pros and Cons, Ezine Articles, viewed on 7 February 2010, http://ezinearticles.com/?Homeschooling-Pros-and-ConsLearn-About-the-Pros-and-Consid=3587899 Homeschooling Explained (n.d.), Disadvantages of homeschooling you must consider, Homeschooling Explained, viewed on 7 February 2010, Koonar, K. (n.d.), Disadvantages of Home Schooling, Articlebase, viewed on 2 February 2010, Williams, H. (2007), Home Schooling, Green haven Press, Farmington Hill. You can homeschool.org, (2010), Introduction, Youcanhomeschool, viewed on 10 February 2010,

Gas Prices In The Bay Area :: essays research papers

A main source of transportation is the car. People use cars to get around instead of catching public transportation. Even though public transportation like, A.C. Transit and BART, can be very convenient and sometimes cheap. The main problem about having a car is you have to pay for your gas for your own car. Right now gas prices are tremendously high right now in the Bay Area. If gas prices are not lowered back down to $1.05 in the Bay Area, people will start taking BART and AC. Transit, and any other sources of transportation more often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For a while things were going great until a problem hit Bay Area cities like Oakland, San Francisco, Richmond, and so on. Factories were shutting down like Tosco and Chevron because of difficulties and disasters occurred. At the Chevron refinery in Richmond, something blew up causing many people in the area to get sick, people being injured on the job site, and some people losing their lives while at work. There has got to be ways to stop these problems but it seems like companies are not trying to fix them right away. The same thing happened at the Tosco refinery previously to the Chevron accident. Tosco blew up and polluted the air and got people sick and killed another man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People having to suffer from the careless mistakes and the improper procedures taken by the people who run the refineries. Not only are we devastated by what’s happening at the refineries but we, as drivers, are devastated by the prices that we have to pay just for one gallon of gas. One gallon of unleaded fuel that is actually cheap since the gas inflation is, $1.45. Before any of the inflation happened, one gallon of unleaded fuel cost, $1.05. Man, I know people miss that huh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was speaking to A BART representative, who is on the BART board, told me that BART has gone up around 20%. To me that’s a lot. A.C. Transit has also gone up around 15%. Gas Prices In The Bay Area :: essays research papers A main source of transportation is the car. People use cars to get around instead of catching public transportation. Even though public transportation like, A.C. Transit and BART, can be very convenient and sometimes cheap. The main problem about having a car is you have to pay for your gas for your own car. Right now gas prices are tremendously high right now in the Bay Area. If gas prices are not lowered back down to $1.05 in the Bay Area, people will start taking BART and AC. Transit, and any other sources of transportation more often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For a while things were going great until a problem hit Bay Area cities like Oakland, San Francisco, Richmond, and so on. Factories were shutting down like Tosco and Chevron because of difficulties and disasters occurred. At the Chevron refinery in Richmond, something blew up causing many people in the area to get sick, people being injured on the job site, and some people losing their lives while at work. There has got to be ways to stop these problems but it seems like companies are not trying to fix them right away. The same thing happened at the Tosco refinery previously to the Chevron accident. Tosco blew up and polluted the air and got people sick and killed another man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People having to suffer from the careless mistakes and the improper procedures taken by the people who run the refineries. Not only are we devastated by what’s happening at the refineries but we, as drivers, are devastated by the prices that we have to pay just for one gallon of gas. One gallon of unleaded fuel that is actually cheap since the gas inflation is, $1.45. Before any of the inflation happened, one gallon of unleaded fuel cost, $1.05. Man, I know people miss that huh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was speaking to A BART representative, who is on the BART board, told me that BART has gone up around 20%. To me that’s a lot. A.C. Transit has also gone up around 15%.

Vitamin C in Treatment of the Common Cold :: Health Medicine Papers

Vitamin C in Treatment of the Common Cold Is Vitamin C the cure for the common cold? Will it reduce the severity and duration of a cold? Will it prevent you from ever having another cold? Of course, we would all like to think that would be true, but what’s the real effect of Vitamin C supplements? What is Vitamin C and Where Can I Find It? Vitamin C is water soluble and functions as an antioxidant and as a coenzyme. Furthermore, it can perform different functions in various situations, such as aiding in collagen formation for teeth, cartilage, and connective tissue and aiding in the formation of new tissue in wound healing. Vitamin C can be found in foods such as broccoli, brussel sprouts, cantaloupe, grapefruit, kiwi, oranges, peppers, and strawberries. Presently the RDA is 60 mg. What are the Dangers? Vitamin C Deficiency Vitamin C deficiency is rather rare in Western countries, however, it still occurs in alcoholics, drug addicts, and the elderly--groups whose dietary intakes are often very poor. Marginal deficiency symptoms are gingivitis, loose teeth, aching limbs and joints, poor wound healing, and weakening of tissues which increases the risk of infection. (Grodner, Anderson, & DeYoung; 1996) Vitamin C Toxicity Despite the fact that Vitamin C is essential to good health, you can have too much of a good thing. Although toxicity from foods high in Vitamin C does not occur, taking supplements in large doses (1 gm to 15 gm) may result in symptoms such as cramps, nausea, diarrhea, kidney stones, and gout. After receiving excessive amounts of Vitamin C, the body begins to destroy much of the excess Vitamin C that is in circulation. Furthermore, there is a potential rebound effect upon abruptly stopping supplementation for the body is still in the process of destroying the vitamin. (Grodner, Anderson, & DeYoung; 1996) Brown (1973) also warned that chronic massive doses of Vitamin C resulted in increased mobilization of calcium and phosphate from the skeletons of chicks, weakening the bone structure. Although unsure if massive doses would produce the same effect in humans, the author warned against chronic massive supplementation. Vitamin C and Colds: How Does it Work? Vitamin C is often used for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Wilson, Loh, and Foster (1972) state that the prophylactic effect refers to the ability of vitamin C to prevent a cold Furthermore, commencement of administration of vitamin C when cold symptoms first appear constitutes the therapeutic use.